https://wiki-solar.com/api.php?action=feedcontributions&feedformat=atom&user=HKWikiSolar - User contributions [en]2026-04-09T12:01:00ZUser contributionsMediaWiki 1.35.1https://wiki-solar.com/index.php?title=User:HK&diff=309User:HK2023-11-01T16:50:13Z<p>HK: </p>
<hr />
<div>{{#seo:|title=Herve Kleiss - Tewa Solar|description=Herve Kleiss Tewa Solar|keywords=Herve Kleiss Tewa Solar}} <br />
<br />
Initially called “The Solar University”, I launched WikiSolar in 2019 with Femi, which aim was to share knowledge about solar projects in order to help people working in this industry all across the world, especially in small companies. <br />
<br />
I worked for 9 years in the solar industry, in Africa, Europe and Australia, on Distributed Generation projects as well as (very) large scale PV plants ; I’m very passionate and every time happy to learn from others and share skills or ideas. <br />
<br />
From background I’m an electrical engineer, but today lots of skills are needed to deliver good solar projects, so I'm tring to learn as much as possible to be able to cover all of them.<br />
<br />
Initially specialized in hybrid projects (several source like PV, Generator, Grid, with and without storage), I worked (very hard) on the engineering, construction and commissioning of a 200MWp PV plant. <br />
<br />
Now, I have launched the company [https://tewa.solar TEWA Solar] and, with a team of very skilled people, we provide engineering and commissioning services for solar projects. <br />
<br />
All these projects and experiences allowed me to meet incredible people, competent and motivated by the same desire to act, and I am very happy that they are now part of the WikiSolar adventure and help to share their knowledge. <br />
<br />
WikiSolar is not going to fill my fridge, but the idea is really to devote time and energy to help other doing solar projects, and hence have more leverage than what can be done alone. <br />
<br />
I am deeply motivated to act every day to make the energy transition happen !<br />
<br />
Hervé Kleiss<br />
<br />
You can write me by mail [mailto:herve.kleiss@tewa.solar herve.kleiss@tewa.solar] or on [https://www.linkedin.com/in/herve-kleiss/ Linkedin]</div>HKhttps://wiki-solar.com/index.php?title=MediaWiki:Common.js&diff=308MediaWiki:Common.js2023-07-09T15:04:09Z<p>HK: Created page with "/* Any JavaScript here will be loaded for all users on every page load. */ /** * Open external links in the sidebar in a new window * * @source mediawiki.org/wiki/Snippets/..."</p>
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<div>/* Any JavaScript here will be loaded for all users on every page load. */<br />
/**<br />
* Open external links in the sidebar in a new window<br />
*<br />
* @source mediawiki.org/wiki/Snippets/Open_external_sidebar_links_in_new_window<br />
* @version 1<br />
*/<br />
$( '#mw-panel, #panel' ) // #panel is for pre-1.17 compatibility<br />
.find( 'li a' )<br />
.filter( "[href^='http://'], [href^='https://']" )<br />
.attr( 'target' , '_blank' );</div>HKhttps://wiki-solar.com/index.php?title=Talk:Connectors&diff=306Talk:Connectors2023-07-09T14:55:40Z<p>HK: Blanked the page</p>
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<div></div>HKhttps://wiki-solar.com/index.php?title=MediaWiki:Sidebar&diff=305MediaWiki:Sidebar2023-07-09T14:54:45Z<p>HK: change to slack</p>
<hr />
<div><br />
* Navigate<br />
** mainpage|Homepage<br />
* Menu<br />
** PV_knowledge|PV knowledge<br />
** PV_components|Components<br />
** PV_systems|PV systems<br />
** engineering|Engineering<br />
**Installation|Installation<br />
**engineering|Quality & Commissioning<br />
**Operation_&_Maintenance|Operation & Maintenance<br />
**Project_management|Project Management<br />
**Economics|Economics<br />
<br />
* Useful<br />
** How_to_use_WikiSolar|How to use WikiSolar<br />
** https://join.slack.com/t/wikisolar/shared_invite/zt-n0gpibqq-4IbpWsj1EjA8saEAOhVOPg|Join us on Slack<br />
** helppage|Help<br />
<br />
* Admin<br />
** recentchanges-url|recentchanges<br />
** Special:Log|Pages logs<br />
** randompage-url|randompage<br />
** MediaWiki:Sidebar|Sidebar settings<br />
<br />
* SEARCH<br />
* TOOLBOX<br />
* LANGUAGES</div>HKhttps://wiki-solar.com/index.php?title=Main_Page&diff=300Main Page2022-12-21T16:14:19Z<p>HK: </p>
<hr />
<div>{{DISPLAYTITLE:<span style="position: absolute; clip: rect(1px 1px 1px 1px); clip: rect(1px, 1px, 1px, 1px);">{{FULLPAGENAME}}</span>}}<br />
=Welcome to WikiSolar !=<br />
{{#seo:|title=WikiSolar - Free photovoltaic knowledge !|keywords=wikisolar, wiki solar,|description=Everything you need to know about Solar PV Projects and Engineering !}}Everything you need to know about Solar Projects and Engineering ! <br />
<br />
Here, all the concepts of PV systems are explained and illustrated in a pragmatic way as we use them in the all-day life of solar industry projects.<br />
<br />
This website covers or will soon cover, the main components of PV systems, main architectures, engineering guidelines, as well as safety guidelines and best practises during and after installation. <br />
<br />
We provide free drawings and templates in their raw format to help you on your projects.<div style="clear: both;"></div><br />
<!-- Line 1 - General PV --><br />
<div id="audiences" class="mainpage_row"><br />
<!-- Line 1 - PV key knowledge --><br />
<div class="mainpage_box"><br />
<h3>[[File:Solar-panel2.png|frameless|40x40px|link=Special:FilePath/Solar-panel2.png]] <span>[[PV knowledge|PV - Key knowledge]]</span></h3><br />
<div id="mainpage-admins" title="System administrators" class="items"><br />
*Energy & Electricity key knowledge<br />
*Power, Peak Power & Energy Production<br />
*[[Solar irradiance|Energy production estimation : Yield, Irradiation, Azimuth, Tilt]]<br />
*[[Photovoltaic Effect]]<br />
*[[PV cells technologies|Solar Cells technologies]]<br />
*[[Efficiency of PV modules]]<br />
*Performance ratio<br />
*Shading effetcs<br />
*C02 related figures<br />
*Fakenews answers<br />
<br />
</div><br />
</div><br />
<!-- Line 1 - Components --><br />
<div class="mainpage_box"><br />
<h3>[[File:Battery-status-full.png|frameless|40x40px|link=Special:FilePath/Battery-status-full.png]] <span>[[PV components|PV - Components]]</span></h3><br />
<div id="mainpage-admins" title="System administrators" class="items"><br />
*[[PV modules]]<br />
*Mounting systems<br />
*PV inverters<br />
*Solar Farm - HV Inverter stations<br />
*Cables : AC - DC - Communication<br />
*[[Electrical protection devices]]<br />
*[[Connectors]]<br />
*Monitoring & SCADA<br />
*Power Plant Controller<br />
*ESS : Batteries & Battery inverters<br />
</div><br />
</div><br />
<!-- Line 1 - PV architectures --><br />
<div class="mainpage_box"><br />
<h3> [[File:Diagram.png|frameless|40x40px|link=Special:FilePath/Diagram.png]] <span>[[PV_systems|PV - Systems architectures]]</span></h3><br />
<div id="mainpage-users" title="Users" class="items"><br />
*Distributed Generation vs Solar Power Plant<br />
*Main Energy valorisation models<br />
*Main PV architectures<br />
**Grid connected - Full Feed-in<br />
**Grid connected - Self consumption<br />
**Offgrid & Hybrid<br />
*Solar Power Plant <br />
**DC side architecture<br />
**AC High Voltage architecture<br />
**HV Substation<br />
</div><br />
</div><br />
<br />
</div><br />
<br />
<!-- Line 2 - Engineering --><br />
<div id="audiences" class="mainpage_row"><br />
<!-- Line 2 - Engineering deliverables --><br />
<div class="mainpage_box"><br />
<h3>[[File:List.png|alt=|frameless|40x40px]] [[Engineering|Engineering - Deliverables]]</h3><br />
<div id="mainpage-devs" title="Developers" class="items"><br />
*List of a project engineering deliverables<br />
*Layouts<br />
*Electrical drawings<br />
*Mechanical drawings<br />
*Documents<br />
*Calculation notes<br />
</div><br />
</div><br />
<!-- Line 2 - Sizing --> <br />
<div class="mainpage_box"><br />
<h3>[[File:Square-root-of-x-math-formula.png|frameless|40x40px|link=Special:FilePath/Square-root-of-x-math-formula.png]] [[Engineering|Engineering - Sizing]]</h3><br />
<div id="mainpage-devs" title="Developers" class="items"><br />
*[[Standards|International Standards applicable to Solar Industry]]<br />
*Sizing of PV array and PV inverters<br />
*[[Cable sizing]]<br />
*Sizing of protection devices<br />
*Sizing of Offgrid / Hybrid systems<br />
*Selection and sizing of mounting system<br />
*Civil Engineering for Solar projects<br />
*Safety in Design<br />
*Energy Efficiency <br />
</div><br />
</div><br />
<!-- Line 2 - Tools & Templates --><br />
<div class="mainpage_box"><br />
<h3>[[File:Layout(1).png|alt=|frameless|40x40px]] [[Engineering|Engineering - Tools & Templates]]</h3><br />
<div id="mainpage-devs" title="Developers" class="items"><br />
*[[Autocad tips|Everything about Autocad]]<br />
*Layout drawings<br />
*Electrical Drawings<br />
*Mechanical drawings<br />
*Energy production estimation tools<br />
*PV & Battery capacity sizing tools<br />
*Cable sizing tools<br />
</div><br />
</div><br />
<br />
</div><br />
<!-- Line 3 - Construction & O&M --><br />
<div id="audiences" class="mainpage_row"><br />
<!-- Line 3 - Installation / Construction --><br />
<div class="mainpage_box"><br />
<h3> [[File:Wrench.png|frameless|40x40px|link=Special:FilePath/Wrench.png]] <span>[[Installation]]</span></h3><br />
<div id="mainpage-users" title="Users" class="items"><br />
*Risk analysis<br />
*Installation safety<br />
**Working at high<br />
**Working on powered systems<br />
*General good practices<br />
</div><br />
</div><br />
<br />
<!-- Line 3 - Commissioning --><br />
<div class="mainpage_box"><br />
<h3>[[File:Quality.png|alt=|frameless|40x40px]] [[Engineering|Quality & Commissioning]]</h3><br />
<div id="mainpage-devs" title="Developers" class="items"><br />
*Quality Management<br />
*Commissioning steps<br />
</div><br />
</div><br />
<br />
<!-- Line 3 - O&M --><br />
<div class="mainpage_box"><br />
<h3>[[File:Renovation.png|frameless|40x40px|link=Special:FilePath/Renovation.png]] [[Operation & Maintenance]]</h3><span style="display:none"></span><div id="mainpage-devs" title="Developers" class="items"><br />
*Main indicators to follow<br />
*Pr<span style="display:none"></span>eventive maintenance <br />
*Co<span style="display:none"></span>rrective maintenance<br />
</div><br />
</div><br />
</div><br />
<br />
<!-- Line 4 - Project --><br />
<div id="audiences" class="mainpage_row"><br />
<!-- Line 4 - Project Methodology --><br />
<div class="mainpage_box"><br />
<h3> [[File:Solution.png|alt=|frameless|40x40px]] <span>[[Project management|Project Management]]</span></h3><br />
<div id="mainpage-users" title="Users" class="items"><br />
*Project stakeholders<br />
*Project steps<br />
*[[Financial control|Budget & Financial control]]<br />
*Planning<br />
<br />
</div><br />
</div><br />
<br />
<!-- Line 4 - Economics --><br />
<div class="mainpage_box"><br />
<h3>[[File:Dollar.png|alt=|frameless|40x40px]] [[Economics]]</h3><br />
<div id="mainpage-devs" title="Developers" class="items"><br />
*Key elements : CAPEX, OPEX, LCOE<br />
*LCOE<br />
*Profitability calculations<br />
*Budget & Project Pricing<br />
</div><br />
</div><br />
<br />
<!-- Line 4 - For Later use --><br />
<div class="mainpage_box"><br />
<h3>[[File:Renovation.png|frameless|40x40px|link=Special:FilePath/Renovation.png]] [[TBD|For later use]] </h3><span style="display:none"></span><div id="mainpage-devs" title="Developers" class="items"><br />
*<br />
</div><br />
</div><br />
</div><br />
<!-- Template new row --><br />
<!-- <br />
<div id="audiences" class="mainpage_row"><br />
<div class="mainpage_box"><br />
<h3> [[File:Wrench.png|frameless|40x40px|link=Special:FilePath/Wrench.png]] <span>[[Installation]]</span></h3><br />
<div id="mainpage-users" title="Users" class="items"><br />
*Article 1 <br />
*Article 2<br />
</div><br />
</div><br />
--><br />
<br />
<!-- Template box --><br />
<!--<br />
<div class="mainpage_box"><br />
<h3> [[File:Wrench.png|frameless|40x40px|link=Special:FilePath/Wrench.png]] <span>[[Project_methodology|Project Methodology]]</span></h3><br />
<div id="mainpage-users" title="Users" class="items"><br />
*Project stakeholders<br />
*Project steps<br />
**Survey<br />
**Basic Engineering<br />
*Project Management<br />
</div><br />
</div><br />
--><br />
== About the WikiSolar team ==<br />
WikiSolar is a place where you can find everything you need to know to build Solar Projects accross the world.<br />
<br />
This website is done by people working in the Solar and Renewable industry, working from small home systems, microgrid, and up to the biggest Solar Farms. The only goal is to make Solar projects development, design, installation and commissioning, easy and accessible to anyone around the world.<br />
<br />
We are convinced that today and at our small level, the most effective action to counter global warming is to share our knowledge so that the entire solar industry can improve and grow together. We believe that there will be enough opportunities in the world in the years to come that it is not necessary to hide knowledge in order to be more competitive than another company. Improvement of entire solar industry will increase the credibility of the sector which will benefit us all.<br />
<br />
Anyone can edit or create new pages on wikisolar, so if you think you can improve a page or speak about a useful topic, dont hesitate to click on "edit" on the top right. If you want to be part of the discussions of the Wikisolar team, you can join us on [https://teams.microsoft.com/join/snw7i6xqiu8q Microsoft Teams]. Nothing to earn except the personal fulfillment of knowing that you are helping someone in the world.<br />
<br />
<div id="misc-news" class="mainpage_row"><br />
<div class="mainpage_box"><br />
<h3><span>Get help and contribute</span></h3><br />
<div id="mainpage-help-contribute&quot;" title="Support and Contributing" class="items"><br />
*[[How to use WikiSolar|How to use WikiSolar (Ad]]<span style="display:none"></span><span style="display:none"></span>[[How to use WikiSolar|d / Modify articles)]]<br />
*[[Special:AllPages|All WikiSolar pages]]<br />
*[[Special:NewPages|L]]<span style="display:none"></span><span style="display:none"></span>[[Special:NewPages|atest new articles]]<br />
*[[Special:Log|A]]<span style="display:none"></span><span style="display:none"></span>[[Special:Log|ll latest modifications]]<span style="display:none"></span><span style="display:none"></span><br />
*[[WikiSolar:About|About the WikiSolar team]]<span style="display:none"></span><span style="display:none"></span><span style="display:none"></span><span style="display:none"></span><br />
</div><br />
</div><br />
<div class="mainpage_box"><br />
<h3><span>News</span></h3><br />
<div id="mainpage-news" title="News" class="items"><br />
<div style="margin: auto; vertical-align:top; text-align:left"><br />
;2020-11-22<br />
:The Solar Univeristy becomes WikiSolar and use the wikipedia template<div class="mainpage_boxcontents_small"><br />
;2020-04-18<br />
:The first version of the Solar University website is launched<br />
<br />
;2019-12<br />
:A team of solar engineers are joining forces to create "The Solar Univeristy"</div><br />
<br />
</div><br />
</div><br />
</div><br />
<br />
==Would like to contribute ?==<br />
At WikiSolar, we are not looking for money, all the articles are written voluntarily by people all around the world : Australia, Nigeria, France… and the running cost are beared by the site creator. <br />
<br />
All the people from this community believe that sharing the knowledge about Solar Projects is the best way to have leverage the energy transition. The content of this website is tailored in a way that engineers, installers, project developers can learn, ask questions and also contribute to existing and new topics. <br />
<br />
If you can improve some article, just click on edit on the top right corner, no need to be logged in, you can just modify any article. <br />
<br />
If there is any topic you want to see or if you are ready to write or correct a page, you’re more than welcome to join the team ! Just write few words in the discussion tab or use the [[Special:Contact|contact form.]] <br />
<br />
Everything about how to use and work with WikiSolar is explained here : [[How to use WikiSolar]]<br />
<br />
==Copyright==<br />
No Copyright here - Take everything you need !<br />
<br />
Knowledge shared here is based on international standards ; Local and all applicable standards for every region may however not be covered.<br />
<br />
__NOEDITSECTION____NOTOC__<br />
{{DEFAULTSORT:Home}}</div>HKhttps://wiki-solar.com/index.php?title=User:HK&diff=299User:HK2022-12-17T01:13:13Z<p>HK: </p>
<hr />
<div>{{#seo:|title=Herve Kleiss - Tewa Solar|description=Herve Kleiss Tewa Solar|keywords=Herve Kleiss Tewa Solar}} <br />
<br />
Hello, <br />
<br />
Initially called “The Solar University”, I launched WikiSolar in 2019 with Femi, which aim was to share knowledge about solar projects in order to help people working in this industry all across the world, especially in small companies. <br />
<br />
I worked for 9 years in the solar industry, in Africa, Europe and Australia, on Distributed Generation projects as well as PV plant up to 200MWp; I’m very passionate and every time happy to learn from others and share skills or ideas. <br />
<br />
From background I’m an electrical engineer, but lots of skills are needed to deliver good solar projects and I try to learn as much as possible to be able to cover all of them.<br />
<br />
Initially specialized in hybrid projects (several source like PV, Generator, Grid, with and without storage), I worked (very very hard) on the engineering, construction and commissioning of a 200MWp. <br />
<br />
Now, I have launched the company [https://tewa.solar TEWA Solar] and I provide engineering and commissioning services for solar projects. <br />
<br />
All these projects and experiences allowed me to meet incredible people, competent and motivated by the same desire to act, and I am very happy that they are now part of the WikiSolar adventure and help to share their knowledge. <br />
<br />
WikiSolar is not going to fill my fridge, but the idea is really to devote time and energy to help other doing solar projects, and hence have more leverage than what I can do alone. <br />
<br />
I am deeply motivated to act every day for the energy transition to make it happen !<br />
<br />
Hervé Kleiss<br />
<br />
You can write me by mail [mailto:herve.kleiss@tewa.solar herve.kleiss@tewa.solar] or on [https://www.linkedin.com/in/herve-kleiss/ Linkedin]</div>HKhttps://wiki-solar.com/index.php?title=User:HK&diff=298User:HK2022-12-14T22:48:01Z<p>HK: </p>
<hr />
<div>Hello, <br />
<br />
Initially called “The Solar University”, I launched WikiSolar in 2019 with Femi, which aim was to share knowledge about solar projects in order to help people working in this industry all across the world, especially in small companies. <br />
<br />
I worked for 9 years in the solar industry, in Africa, Europe and Australia, on Distributed Generation projects as well as PV plant up to 200MWp; I’m very passionate and every time happy to learn from others and share skills or ideas. <br />
<br />
From background I’m an electrical engineer, but lots of skills are needed to deliver good solar projects and I try to learn as much as possible to be able to cover all of them.<br />
<br />
Initially specialized in hybrid projects (several source like PV, Generator, Grid, with and without storage), I worked (very very hard) on the engineering, construction and commissioning of a 200MWp. <br />
<br />
Now, I have launched the company [https://tewa.solar TEWA Solar] and I provide engineering and commissioning services for solar projects. <br />
<br />
All these projects and experiences allowed me to meet incredible people, competent and motivated by the same desire to act, and I am very happy that they are now part of the WikiSolar adventure and help to share their knowledge. <br />
<br />
WikiSolar is not going to fill my fridge, but the idea is really to devote time and energy to help other doing solar projects, and hence have more leverage than what I can do alone. <br />
<br />
I am deeply motivated to act every day for the energy transition to make it happen !<br />
<br />
Hervé Kleiss<br />
<br />
You can write me by mail [mailto:herve.kleiss@tewa.solar herve.kleiss@tewa.solar] or on [https://www.linkedin.com/in/herve-kleiss/ Linkedin]</div>HKhttps://wiki-solar.com/index.php?title=User:HK&diff=297User:HK2022-12-14T22:44:34Z<p>HK: </p>
<hr />
<div>Hello, <br />
<br />
Initially called “The Solar University”, I launched WikiSolar in 2019 with Femi, which aim was to share knowledge about solar projects in order to help people working in this industry all across the world, especially in small companies. <br />
<br />
I worked for 9 years in the solar industry, in Africa, Europe and Australia, on Distributed Generation projects as well as PV plant up to 200MWp; I’m very passionate and every time happy to learn from others and share skills or ideas. <br />
<br />
From background I’m an electrical engineer, but lots of skills are needed to deliver good solar projects and I try to learn as much as possible to be able to cover all of them.<br />
<br />
Initially specialized in hybrid projects (several source like PV, Generator, Grid, with and without storage), I worked (very very hard) on the engineering, construction and commissioning of a 200MWp. <br />
<br />
Now, I have launched [https://tewa.solar TEWA Solar] and I provide engineering and commissioning services for solar projects. <br />
<br />
All these projects and experiences allowed me to meet incredible people, competent and motivated by the same desire to act, and I am very happy that they are now part of the WikiSolar adventure and help to share their knowledge. <br />
<br />
WikiSolar is not going to fill my fridge, but the idea is really to devote time and energy to help other doing solar projects, and hence have more leverage than what I can do alone. <br />
<br />
I am deeply motivated to act every day for the energy transition to make it happen !<br />
<br />
Hervé Kleiss<br />
<br />
[mailto:herve.kleiss@tewa.solar herve.kleiss@tewa.solar]</div>HKhttps://wiki-solar.com/index.php?title=Main_Page&diff=296Main Page2022-11-28T22:00:34Z<p>HK: SEO update</p>
<hr />
<div>{{DISPLAYTITLE:<span style="position: absolute; clip: rect(1px 1px 1px 1px); clip: rect(1px, 1px, 1px, 1px);">{{FULLPAGENAME}}</span>}}<br />
=Welcome to WikiSolar !=<br />
{{#seo:|title=WikiSolar - Free PV knowledge|keywords=wikisolar, wiki solar,|description=Everything you need to know about Solar PV Projects and Engineering !}}Everything you need to know about Solar Projects and Engineering ! <br />
<br />
Here, all the concepts of PV systems are explained and illustrated in a pragmatic way as we use them in the all-day life of solar industry projects.<br />
<br />
This website covers or will soon cover, the main components of PV systems, main architectures, engineering guidelines, as well as safety guidelines and best practises during and after installation. <br />
<br />
We provide free drawings and templates in their raw format to help you on your projects.<div style="clear: both;"></div><br />
<!-- Line 1 - General PV --><br />
<div id="audiences" class="mainpage_row"><br />
<!-- Line 1 - PV key knowledge --><br />
<div class="mainpage_box"><br />
<h3>[[File:Solar-panel2.png|frameless|40x40px|link=Special:FilePath/Solar-panel2.png]] <span>[[PV knowledge|PV - Key knowledge]]</span></h3><br />
<div id="mainpage-admins" title="System administrators" class="items"><br />
*Energy & Electricity key knowledge<br />
*Power, Peak Power & Energy Production<br />
*[[Solar irradiance|Energy production estimation : Yield, Irradiation, Azimuth, Tilt]]<br />
*[[Photovoltaic Effect]]<br />
*[[PV cells technologies|Solar Cells technologies]]<br />
*[[Efficiency of PV modules]]<br />
*Performance ratio<br />
*Shading effetcs<br />
*C02 related figures<br />
*Fakenews answers<br />
<br />
</div><br />
</div><br />
<!-- Line 1 - Components --><br />
<div class="mainpage_box"><br />
<h3>[[File:Battery-status-full.png|frameless|40x40px|link=Special:FilePath/Battery-status-full.png]] <span>[[PV components|PV - Components]]</span></h3><br />
<div id="mainpage-admins" title="System administrators" class="items"><br />
*[[PV modules]]<br />
*Mounting systems<br />
*PV inverters<br />
*Solar Farm - HV Inverter stations<br />
*Cables : AC - DC - Communication<br />
*[[Electrical protection devices]]<br />
*[[Connectors]]<br />
*Monitoring & SCADA<br />
*Power Plant Controller<br />
*ESS : Batteries & Battery inverters<br />
</div><br />
</div><br />
<!-- Line 1 - PV architectures --><br />
<div class="mainpage_box"><br />
<h3> [[File:Diagram.png|frameless|40x40px|link=Special:FilePath/Diagram.png]] <span>[[PV_systems|PV - Systems architectures]]</span></h3><br />
<div id="mainpage-users" title="Users" class="items"><br />
*Distributed Generation vs Solar Power Plant<br />
*Main Energy valorisation models<br />
*Main PV architectures<br />
**Grid connected - Full Feed-in<br />
**Grid connected - Self consumption<br />
**Offgrid & Hybrid<br />
*Solar Power Plant <br />
**DC side architecture<br />
**AC High Voltage architecture<br />
**HV Substation<br />
</div><br />
</div><br />
<br />
</div><br />
<br />
<!-- Line 2 - Engineering --><br />
<div id="audiences" class="mainpage_row"><br />
<!-- Line 2 - Engineering deliverables --><br />
<div class="mainpage_box"><br />
<h3>[[File:List.png|alt=|frameless|40x40px]] [[Engineering|Engineering - Deliverables]]</h3><br />
<div id="mainpage-devs" title="Developers" class="items"><br />
*List of a project engineering deliverables<br />
*Layouts<br />
*Electrical drawings<br />
*Mechanical drawings<br />
*Documents<br />
*Calculation notes<br />
</div><br />
</div><br />
<!-- Line 2 - Sizing --> <br />
<div class="mainpage_box"><br />
<h3>[[File:Square-root-of-x-math-formula.png|frameless|40x40px|link=Special:FilePath/Square-root-of-x-math-formula.png]] [[Engineering|Engineering - Sizing]]</h3><br />
<div id="mainpage-devs" title="Developers" class="items"><br />
*[[Standards|International Standards applicable to Solar Industry]]<br />
*Sizing of PV array and PV inverters<br />
*[[Cable sizing]]<br />
*Sizing of protection devices<br />
*Sizing of Offgrid / Hybrid systems<br />
*Selection and sizing of mounting system<br />
*Civil Engineering for Solar projects<br />
*Safety in Design<br />
*Energy Efficiency <br />
</div><br />
</div><br />
<!-- Line 2 - Tools & Templates --><br />
<div class="mainpage_box"><br />
<h3>[[File:Layout(1).png|alt=|frameless|40x40px]] [[Engineering|Engineering - Tools & Templates]]</h3><br />
<div id="mainpage-devs" title="Developers" class="items"><br />
*[[Autocad tips|Everything about Autocad]]<br />
*Layout drawings<br />
*Electrical Drawings<br />
*Mechanical drawings<br />
*Energy production estimation tools<br />
*PV & Battery capacity sizing tools<br />
*Cable sizing tools<br />
</div><br />
</div><br />
<br />
</div><br />
<!-- Line 3 - Construction & O&M --><br />
<div id="audiences" class="mainpage_row"><br />
<!-- Line 3 - Installation / Construction --><br />
<div class="mainpage_box"><br />
<h3> [[File:Wrench.png|frameless|40x40px|link=Special:FilePath/Wrench.png]] <span>[[Installation]]</span></h3><br />
<div id="mainpage-users" title="Users" class="items"><br />
*Risk analysis<br />
*Installation safety<br />
**Working at high<br />
**Working on powered systems<br />
*General good practices<br />
</div><br />
</div><br />
<br />
<!-- Line 3 - Commissioning --><br />
<div class="mainpage_box"><br />
<h3>[[File:Quality.png|alt=|frameless|40x40px]] [[Engineering|Quality & Commissioning]]</h3><br />
<div id="mainpage-devs" title="Developers" class="items"><br />
*Quality Management<br />
*Commissioning steps<br />
</div><br />
</div><br />
<br />
<!-- Line 3 - O&M --><br />
<div class="mainpage_box"><br />
<h3>[[File:Renovation.png|frameless|40x40px|link=Special:FilePath/Renovation.png]] [[Operation & Maintenance]]</h3><span style="display:none"></span><div id="mainpage-devs" title="Developers" class="items"><br />
*Main indicators to follow<br />
*Pr<span style="display:none"></span>eventive maintenance <br />
*Co<span style="display:none"></span>rrective maintenance<br />
</div><br />
</div><br />
</div><br />
<br />
<!-- Line 4 - Project --><br />
<div id="audiences" class="mainpage_row"><br />
<!-- Line 4 - Project Methodology --><br />
<div class="mainpage_box"><br />
<h3> [[File:Solution.png|alt=|frameless|40x40px]] <span>[[Project management|Project Management]]</span></h3><br />
<div id="mainpage-users" title="Users" class="items"><br />
*Project stakeholders<br />
*Project steps<br />
*[[Financial control|Budget & Financial control]]<br />
*Planning<br />
<br />
</div><br />
</div><br />
<br />
<!-- Line 4 - Economics --><br />
<div class="mainpage_box"><br />
<h3>[[File:Dollar.png|alt=|frameless|40x40px]] [[Economics]]</h3><br />
<div id="mainpage-devs" title="Developers" class="items"><br />
*Key elements : CAPEX, OPEX, LCOE<br />
*LCOE<br />
*Profitability calculations<br />
*Budget & Project Pricing<br />
</div><br />
</div><br />
<br />
<!-- Line 4 - For Later use --><br />
<div class="mainpage_box"><br />
<h3>[[File:Renovation.png|frameless|40x40px|link=Special:FilePath/Renovation.png]] [[TBD|For later use]] </h3><span style="display:none"></span><div id="mainpage-devs" title="Developers" class="items"><br />
*<br />
</div><br />
</div><br />
</div><br />
<!-- Template new row --><br />
<!-- <br />
<div id="audiences" class="mainpage_row"><br />
<div class="mainpage_box"><br />
<h3> [[File:Wrench.png|frameless|40x40px|link=Special:FilePath/Wrench.png]] <span>[[Installation]]</span></h3><br />
<div id="mainpage-users" title="Users" class="items"><br />
*Article 1 <br />
*Article 2<br />
</div><br />
</div><br />
--><br />
<br />
<!-- Template box --><br />
<!--<br />
<div class="mainpage_box"><br />
<h3> [[File:Wrench.png|frameless|40x40px|link=Special:FilePath/Wrench.png]] <span>[[Project_methodology|Project Methodology]]</span></h3><br />
<div id="mainpage-users" title="Users" class="items"><br />
*Project stakeholders<br />
*Project steps<br />
**Survey<br />
**Basic Engineering<br />
*Project Management<br />
</div><br />
</div><br />
--><br />
== About the WikiSolar team ==<br />
WikiSolar is a place where you can find everything you need to know to build Solar Projects accross the world.<br />
<br />
This website is done by people working in the Solar and Renewable industry, working from small home systems, microgrid, and up to the biggest Solar Farms. The only goal is to make Solar projects development, design, installation and commissioning, easy and accessible to anyone around the world.<br />
<br />
We are convinced that today and at our small level, the most effective action to counter global warming is to share our knowledge so that the entire solar industry can improve and grow together. We believe that there will be enough opportunities in the world in the years to come that it is not necessary to hide knowledge in order to be more competitive than another company. Improvement of entire solar industry will increase the credibility of the sector which will benefit us all.<br />
<br />
Anyone can edit or create new pages on wikisolar, so if you think you can improve a page or speak about a useful topic, dont hesitate to click on "edit" on the top right. If you want to be part of the discussions of the Wikisolar team, you can join us on [https://teams.microsoft.com/join/snw7i6xqiu8q Microsoft Teams]. Nothing to earn except the personal fulfillment of knowing that you are helping someone in the world.<br />
<br />
<div id="misc-news" class="mainpage_row"><br />
<div class="mainpage_box"><br />
<h3><span>Get help and contribute</span></h3><br />
<div id="mainpage-help-contribute&quot;" title="Support and Contributing" class="items"><br />
*[[How to use WikiSolar|How to use WikiSolar (Ad]]<span style="display:none"></span><span style="display:none"></span>[[How to use WikiSolar|d / Modify articles)]]<br />
*[[Special:AllPages|All WikiSolar pages]]<br />
*[[Special:NewPages|L]]<span style="display:none"></span><span style="display:none"></span>[[Special:NewPages|atest new articles]]<br />
*[[Special:Log|A]]<span style="display:none"></span><span style="display:none"></span>[[Special:Log|ll latest modifications]]<span style="display:none"></span><span style="display:none"></span><br />
*[[WikiSolar:About|About the WikiSolar team]]<span style="display:none"></span><span style="display:none"></span><span style="display:none"></span><span style="display:none"></span><br />
</div><br />
</div><br />
<div class="mainpage_box"><br />
<h3><span>News</span></h3><br />
<div id="mainpage-news" title="News" class="items"><br />
<div style="margin: auto; vertical-align:top; text-align:left"><br />
;2020-11-22<br />
:The Solar Univeristy becomes WikiSolar and use the wikipedia template<div class="mainpage_boxcontents_small"><br />
;2020-04-18<br />
:The first version of the Solar University website is launched<br />
<br />
;2019-12<br />
:A team of solar engineers are joining forces to create "The Solar Univeristy"</div><br />
<br />
</div><br />
</div><br />
</div><br />
<br />
==Would like to contribute ?==<br />
At WikiSolar, we are not looking for money, all the articles are written voluntarily by people all around the world : Australia, Nigeria, France… and the running cost are beared by the site creator. <br />
<br />
All the people from this community believe that sharing the knowledge about Solar Projects is the best way to have leverage the energy transition. The content of this website is tailored in a way that engineers, installers, project developers can learn, ask questions and also contribute to existing and new topics. <br />
<br />
If you can improve some article, just click on edit on the top right corner, no need to be logged in, you can just modify any article. <br />
<br />
If there is any topic you want to see or if you are ready to write or correct a page, you’re more than welcome to join the team ! Just write few words in the discussion tab or use the [[Special:Contact|contact form.]] <br />
<br />
Everything about how to use and work with WikiSolar is explained here : [[How to use WikiSolar]]<br />
<br />
==Copyright==<br />
No Copyright here - Take everything you need !<br />
<br />
Knowledge shared here is based on international standards ; Local and all applicable standards for every region may however not be covered.<br />
<br />
__NOEDITSECTION____NOTOC__<br />
{{DEFAULTSORT:Home}}</div>HKhttps://wiki-solar.com/index.php?title=User:HK&diff=293User:HK2022-10-07T13:59:44Z<p>HK: </p>
<hr />
<div>Hello, <br />
<br />
Initially called “The Solar University”, I launched WikiSolar in 2019 with Femi, which aim was to share knowledge about solar projects in order to help people working in this industry all across the world, especially in small companies. <br />
<br />
I worked for 9 years in the solar industry, in Africa, Europe and Australia, on Distributed Generation projects as well as PV plant up to 200MWp; I’m very passionate and every time happy to learn from others and share skills or ideas. <br />
<br />
From background I’m an electrical engineer, but lots of skills are needed to deliver good solar projects and I try to learn as much as possible to be able to cover all of them.<br />
<br />
Initially specialized in hybrid projects (several source like PV, Generator, Grid, with and without storage), I worked (very very hard) on the engineering, construction and commissioning of a 200MWp. <br />
<br />
Now, I have launched my own company and I provide engineering and commissioning services for solar projects. <br />
<br />
All these projects and experiences allowed me to meet incredible people, competent and motivated by the same desire to act, and I am very happy that they are now part of the WikiSolar adventure and help to share their knowledge. <br />
<br />
WikiSolar is not going to fill my fridge, but the idea is really to devote time and energy to help other doing solar projects, and hence have more leverage than what I can do alone. <br />
<br />
I am deeply motivated to act every day for the energy transition to make it happen !</div>HKhttps://wiki-solar.com/index.php?title=User:HK&diff=292User:HK2022-10-07T12:18:36Z<p>HK: update</p>
<hr />
<div>Hello, <br />
<br />
Initially called “The Solar University”, I launched WikiSolar in 2019 with Femi, which aim was to share knowledge about solar projects in order to help people working in this industry all across the world, especially in small companies. <br />
<br />
I worked for 9 years in the solar industry, in Africa, Europe and Australia, on Distributed Generation projects as well as PV plant up to 200MWp; I’m very passionate and every time happy to learn from others and share skills or ideas. <br />
<br />
From background I’m an electrical engineer, but lots of skills are needed to deliver good solar projects and I try to learn as much as possible to be able to cover all of them.<br />
<br />
Initially specialized in hybrid projects (several source like PV, Generator, Grid, with and without storage), I worked (very very hard) on the engineering, construction and commissioning of a 200MWp. <br />
<br />
Now, I have launched [https://tewa.solar Tewa Solar], a company providing engineering and commissioning services on solar PV project. For more information : [mailto:herve.kleiss@tewa.solar herve.kleiss@tewa.solar] <br />
<br />
All these projects and experiences allowed me to meet incredible people, competent and motivated by the same desire to act, and I am very happy that they are now part of the WikiSolar adventure and help to share their knowledge. <br />
<br />
WikiSolar is not going to fill my fridge, but the idea is really to devote time and energy to help other doing solar projects, and hence have more leverage than what I can do alone. <br />
<br />
I am deeply motivated to act every day for the energy transition to make it happen !</div>HKhttps://wiki-solar.com/index.php?title=Standards&diff=291Standards2022-08-01T14:04:36Z<p>HK: </p>
<hr />
<div>==International Standards==<br />
[[File:10.png|thumb]]<br />
{{#seo:|title=International Standards used in PV|keywords=IEC, IEC 62548, IEC62738 ,C15712|description=All International Standards that are applicable in Solar projects}}Before going into details of the norms applicable to Solar, a quick reminder about the different types of electrical standards in the world and their applicable regions: <br />
<br />
{| class="wikitable"<br />
|+<br />
!Acronym<br />
!Title<br />
!Comment<br />
!Application<br />
|-<br />
|IEC<br />
|[[wikipedia:International_Electrotechnical_Commission|International Electrotechnical Commission]]<br />
|International Electrical Standards<br />
|European based<br />
|-<br />
|ANSI<br />
|[[wikipedia:American_National_Standards_Institute|American National Standard Institude]]<br />
|All American Standards<br />
|US based<br />
|-<br />
|IEEE<br />
|[[wikipedia:Institute_of_Electrical_and_Electronics_Engineers|Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers]]<br />
|American Electrical Standards<br />
|Worldwide use<br />
|-<br />
|NEC<br />
|[[wikipedia:National_Electrical_Code|National Electricity code]]<br />
|American Electrical Standards<br />
|US applicable<br />
|}<br />
Local norms and standards are always applicable in priority. However, when specific in a country, they are most of the time strongly inspired by the IEC or ANSI standard. [[File:1.png|alt=|left|frame]]<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
[[File:19.png|frameless|59x59px]]IEC with or without national rule <br />
<br />
[[File:30.png|frameless|52x52px]]ANSI/IEEE NEC <br />
<br />
[[File:31.png|frameless|52x52px]] ANSI/IEEE NEC with or without national rule<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br /><br />
<br />
==Standards applicable to Solar projects==<br />
The main electrical standard applicable for Solar Installation are classified below by order of importance : <br />
{| class="wikitable mw-collapsible"<br />
|'''Reference'''<br />
|'''Object'''<br />
|'''Comment'''<br />
|-<br />
|'''[https://webstore.iec.ch/publication/25949 IEC 62 548]'''<br />
<br />
2016 version<br />
|'''[https://webstore.iec.ch/preview/info_iec62548%7Bed1.0%7Db.pdf PV array design requirements]'''<br />
|Main worldwide standard for any grid connected PV installation<br />
|-<br />
|'''[https://webstore.iec.ch/publication/26942 IEC 62 738]'''<br />
<br />
2018 version<br />
|'''[https://webstore.iec.ch/preview/info_iects62738%7Bed1.0%7Den.pdf Design Guideline for PV power plant]'''<br />
|This is a transposition of the IEC 62 548 specifically for Large Scale solar farms. It allows more flexibility in the design in order not to oversize equipment, as it might have a much bigger impact than it would in small installations.<br />
|-<br />
|'''[https://webstore.iec.ch/publication/5449 IEC 61 427-1]'''<br />
|'''[https://webstore.iec.ch/preview/info_iec61427-1%7Bed1.0%7Db.pdf Offgrid Storage for renewable]'''<br />
|Main IEC norm for any PV + '''Storage''' installation '''not connected''' to the grid<br />
|-<br />
|'''[https://webstore.iec.ch/publication/23183 IEC 61 427-2]'''<br />
|'''[https://webstore.iec.ch/preview/info_iec61427-2%7Bed1.0%7Db.pdf Grid Connected Storage for renewable]'''<br />
|Main IEC norm for any PV + '''Storage''' installation '''connected''' to the grid<br />
|-<br />
|'''[https://webstore.iec.ch/publication/28213 IEC 60 364 - 7-712]'''<br />
|'''[https://webstore.iec.ch/preview/info_iec60364-7-712%7Bed2.0%7Db.pdf Electrical requirements for Low voltage PV installation]'''<br />
|Chapter of the IEC 60 364 focusing on PV installation. It is close to the IEC 62 548 (which remain the main PV norm), but is more focused on LV electrical design<br />
|-<br />
|'''[[wikipedia:IEC_60364|IEC 60 364]]'''<br />
|'''[https://webstore.iec.ch/preview/info_iec60364-1%7Bed5.0%7Den_d.pdf Low Voltage electrical requirements]'''<br />
|This is the main norm for any type of low voltage installation. The scope is very large, that’s why this norm is split in a lot of chapters, where some are applicable to solar installations (see below)<br />
|-<br />
|'''[https://webstore.iec.ch/publication/1878 IEC 64 364 - 5-52]'''<br />
|'''[https://webstore.iec.ch/preview/info_iec60364-5-52%7Bed3.0%7Db.pdf LV electrical - Cable selection]'''<br />
|Selection and sizing of low voltage electrical cables<br />
|-<br />
|'''[https://webstore.iec.ch/publication/28067 IEC 62 930]'''<br />
<br />
2017 version<br />
|'''[https://webstore.iec.ch/preview/info_iec62930%7Bed1.0%7Den.pdf Electric cables for photovoltaic systems with a voltage rating of 1,5 kV DC]'''<br />
|Describe how a DC PV cable should be built ® Buy PV cables that comply with this norm<br />
|-<br />
|'''[https://webstore.iec.ch/publication/2272 IEC 60 502 -2]'''<br />
|'''[https://webstore.iec.ch/preview/info_iec60502-2%7Bed3.0%7Db.pdf Medium and High voltage Cables]'''<br />
|Describe how an AC High Voltage cable should be built ® Buy HV cables that comply with this norm<br />
|-<br />
|'''[https://webstore.iec.ch/publication/1245 IEC 60 269 - 6]'''<br />
|'''[https://webstore.iec.ch/preview/info_iec60269-6%7Bed1.0%7Db.pdf LV Fuse for PV]'''<br />
|The [https://webstore.iec.ch/preview/info_iec60269-1%7Bed4.0%7Den_d.pdf IEC 60 269] is the general norm for [[wikipedia:IEC_60269|'''a'''ny type of low voltage fuse]]<br />
<br />
The chapter 6 of this norm is the specifications for fuses in PV installation ® Buy fuses compliant with this norm<br />
|}<br />
[[Category:Engineering]]</div>HKhttps://wiki-solar.com/index.php?title=Standards&diff=290Standards2022-07-03T15:54:30Z<p>HK: /* Standards applicable to Solar projects */</p>
<hr />
<div>==International Standards==<br />
[[File:10.png|thumb]]<br />
{{#seo:|title=International Standards used in PV|keywords=IEC, IEC 62548, IEC62738 ,C15712|description=All International Standards that are applicable in Solar projects}}Before going into details of the norms applicable to Solar, a quick reminder about the different types of electrical standards in the world and their applicable regions: <br />
<br />
{| class="wikitable"<br />
|+<br />
!Acronym<br />
!Title<br />
!Comment<br />
!Application<br />
|-<br />
|IEC<br />
|[[wikipedia:International_Electrotechnical_Commission|International Electrotechnical Commission]]<br />
|International Electrical Standards<br />
|European based<br />
|-<br />
|ANSI<br />
|[[wikipedia:American_National_Standards_Institute|American National Standard Institude]]<br />
|All American Standards<br />
|US based<br />
|-<br />
|IEEE<br />
|[[wikipedia:Institute_of_Electrical_and_Electronics_Engineers|Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers]]<br />
|American Electrical Standards<br />
|Worldwide use<br />
|-<br />
|NEC<br />
|[[wikipedia:National_Electrical_Code|National Electricity code]]<br />
|American Electrical Standards<br />
|US applicable<br />
|}<br />
Local norms and standards are always applicable in priority. However, when specific in a country, they are most of the time strongly inspired by the IEC or ANSI standard. [[File:1.png|alt=|left|frame]]<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
[[File:19.png|frameless|59x59px]]IEC with or without national rule <br />
<br />
[[File:30.png|frameless|52x52px]]ANSI/IEEE NEC <br />
<br />
[[File:31.png|frameless|52x52px]] ANSI/IEEE NEC with or without national rule<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br /><br />
==Standards applicable to Solar projects==<br />
The main electrical standard applicable for Solar Installation are classified below by order of importance : <br />
{| class="wikitable mw-collapsible"<br />
|'''Reference'''<br />
|'''Object'''<br />
|'''Comment'''<br />
|-<br />
|'''[https://webstore.iec.ch/publication/25949 IEC 62 548]'''<br />
<br />
2016 version<br />
|'''[https://webstore.iec.ch/preview/info_iec62548%7Bed1.0%7Db.pdf PV array design requirements]'''<br />
|Main worldwide standard for any grid connected PV installation<br />
|-<br />
|'''[https://webstore.iec.ch/publication/26942 IEC 62 738]'''<br />
<br />
2018 version<br />
|'''[https://webstore.iec.ch/preview/info_iects62738%7Bed1.0%7Den.pdf Design Guideline for PV power plant]'''<br />
|This is a transposition of the IEC 62 548 specifically for Large Scale solar farms. It allows more flexibility in the design in order not to oversize equipment, as it might have a much bigger impact than it would in small installations.<br />
|-<br />
|'''[https://webstore.iec.ch/publication/5449 IEC 61 427-1]'''<br />
|'''[https://webstore.iec.ch/preview/info_iec61427-1%7Bed1.0%7Db.pdf Offgrid Storage for renewable]'''<br />
|Main IEC norm for any PV + '''Storage''' installation '''not connected''' to the grid<br />
|-<br />
|'''[https://webstore.iec.ch/publication/23183 IEC 61 427-2]'''<br />
|'''[https://webstore.iec.ch/preview/info_iec61427-2%7Bed1.0%7Db.pdf Grid Connected Storage for renewable]'''<br />
|Main IEC norm for any PV + '''Storage''' installation '''connected''' to the grid<br />
|-<br />
|'''[https://webstore.iec.ch/publication/28213 IEC 60 364 - 7-712]'''<br />
|'''[https://webstore.iec.ch/preview/info_iec60364-7-712%7Bed2.0%7Db.pdf Electrical requirements for Low voltage PV installation]'''<br />
|Chapter of the IEC 60 364 focusing on PV installation. It is close to the IEC 62 548 (which remain the main PV norm), but is more focused on LV electrical design<br />
|-<br />
|'''[[wikipedia:IEC_60364|IEC 60 364]]'''<br />
|'''[https://webstore.iec.ch/preview/info_iec60364-1%7Bed5.0%7Den_d.pdf Low Voltage electrical requirements]'''<br />
|This is the main norm for any type of low voltage installation. The scope is very large, that’s why this norm is split in a lot of chapters, where some are applicable to solar installations (see below)<br />
|-<br />
|'''[https://webstore.iec.ch/publication/1878 IEC 64 364 - 5-52]'''<br />
|'''[https://webstore.iec.ch/preview/info_iec60364-5-52%7Bed3.0%7Db.pdf LV electrical - Cable selection]'''<br />
|Selection and sizing of low voltage electrical cables<br />
|-<br />
|'''[https://webstore.iec.ch/publication/28067 IEC 62 930]'''<br />
<br />
2017 version<br />
|'''[https://webstore.iec.ch/preview/info_iec62930%7Bed1.0%7Den.pdf Electric cables for photovoltaic systems with a voltage rating of 1,5 kV DC]'''<br />
|Describe how a DC PV cable should be built ® Buy PV cables that comply with this norm<br />
|-<br />
|'''[https://webstore.iec.ch/publication/2272 IEC 60 502 -2]'''<br />
|'''[https://webstore.iec.ch/preview/info_iec60502-2%7Bed3.0%7Db.pdf Medium and High voltage Cables]'''<br />
|Describe how an AC High Voltage cable should be built ® Buy HV cables that comply with this norm<br />
|-<br />
|'''[https://webstore.iec.ch/publication/1245 IEC 60 269 - 6]'''<br />
|'''[https://webstore.iec.ch/preview/info_iec60269-6%7Bed1.0%7Db.pdf LV Fuse for PV]'''<br />
|The [https://webstore.iec.ch/preview/info_iec60269-1%7Bed4.0%7Den_d.pdf IEC 60 269] is the general norm for [[wikipedia:IEC_60269|'''a'''ny type of low voltage fuse]]<br />
<br />
The chapter 6 of this norm is the specifications for fuses in PV installation ® Buy fuses compliant with this norm<br />
|}<br />
[[Category:Engineering]]</div>HKhttps://wiki-solar.com/index.php?title=Main_Page&diff=289Main Page2022-03-20T12:02:22Z<p>HK: </p>
<hr />
<div>{{DISPLAYTITLE:<span style="position: absolute; clip: rect(1px 1px 1px 1px); clip: rect(1px, 1px, 1px, 1px);">{{FULLPAGENAME}}</span>}}<br />
=Welcome to WikiSolar !=<br />
{{#seo:|title=WikiSolar Homepage|keywords=wikisolar, wiki solar,|description=Everything you need to know about Solar Projects and Engineering !}}Everything you need to know about Solar Projects and Engineering ! <br />
<br />
Here, all the concepts of PV systems are explained and illustrated in a pragmatic way as we use them in the all-day life of solar industry projects.<br />
<br />
This website covers or will soon cover, the main components of PV systems, main architectures, engineering guidelines, as well as safety guidelines and best practises during and after installation. <br />
<br />
We provide free drawings and templates in their raw format to help you on your projects.<div style="clear: both;"></div><br />
<!-- Line 1 - General PV --><br />
<div id="audiences" class="mainpage_row"><br />
<!-- Line 1 - PV key knowledge --><br />
<div class="mainpage_box"><br />
<h3>[[File:Solar-panel2.png|frameless|40x40px|link=Special:FilePath/Solar-panel2.png]] <span>[[PV knowledge|PV key knowledge]]</span></h3><br />
<div id="mainpage-admins" title="System administrators" class="items"><br />
*Energy & Electricity key knowledge<br />
*Power, Peak Power & Energy Production<br />
*[[Solar irradiance|Energy production estimation : Yield, Irradiation, Azimuth, Tilt]]<br />
*[[Photovoltaic Effect]]<br />
*[[PV cells technologies|Solar Cells technologies]]<br />
*[[Efficiency of PV modules]]<br />
*Performance ratio<br />
*Shading effetcs<br />
*C02 related figures<br />
*Fakenews answers<br />
<br />
</div><br />
</div><br />
<!-- Line 1 - Components --><br />
<div class="mainpage_box"><br />
<h3>[[File:Battery-status-full.png|frameless|40x40px|link=Special:FilePath/Battery-status-full.png]] <span>[[PV components|Components]]</span></h3><br />
<div id="mainpage-admins" title="System administrators" class="items"><br />
*[[PV modules]]<br />
*Mounting systems<br />
*PV inverters<br />
*Solar Farm - HV Inverter stations<br />
*Cables : AC - DC - Communication<br />
*[[Electrical protection devices]]<br />
*[[Connectors]]<br />
*Monitoring & SCADA<br />
*Power Plant Controller<br />
*ESS : Batteries & Battery inverters<br />
</div><br />
</div><br />
<!-- Line 1 - PV architectures --><br />
<div class="mainpage_box"><br />
<h3> [[File:Diagram.png|frameless|40x40px|link=Special:FilePath/Diagram.png]] <span>[[PV_systems|PV systems architectures]]</span></h3><br />
<div id="mainpage-users" title="Users" class="items"><br />
*Distributed Generation vs Solar Power Plant<br />
*Main Energy valorisation models<br />
*Main PV architectures<br />
**Grid connected - Full Feed-in<br />
**Grid connected - Self consumption<br />
**Offgrid & Hybrid<br />
*Solar Power Plant <br />
**DC side architecture<br />
**AC High Voltage architecture<br />
**HV Substation<br />
</div><br />
</div><br />
<br />
</div><br />
<br />
<!-- Line 2 - Engineering --><br />
<div id="audiences" class="mainpage_row"><br />
<!-- Line 2 - Engineering deliverables --><br />
<div class="mainpage_box"><br />
<h3>[[File:List.png|alt=|frameless|40x40px]] [[Engineering|Engineering deliverables]]</h3><br />
<div id="mainpage-devs" title="Developers" class="items"><br />
*List of a project engineering deliverables<br />
*Layouts<br />
*Electrical drawings<br />
*Mechanical drawings<br />
*Documents<br />
*Calculation notes<br />
</div><br />
</div><br />
<!-- Line 2 - Sizing --> <br />
<div class="mainpage_box"><br />
<h3>[[File:Square-root-of-x-math-formula.png|frameless|40x40px|link=Special:FilePath/Square-root-of-x-math-formula.png]] [[Engineering|Sizing]]</h3><br />
<div id="mainpage-devs" title="Developers" class="items"><br />
*[[Standards|International Standards applicable to Solar Industry]]<br />
*Sizing of PV array and PV inverters<br />
*[[Cable sizing]]<br />
*Sizing of protection devices<br />
*Sizing of Offgrid / Hybrid systems<br />
*Selection and sizing of mounting system<br />
*Civil Engineering for Solar projects<br />
*Safety in Design<br />
*Energy Efficiency <br />
</div><br />
</div><br />
<!-- Line 2 - Tools & Templates --><br />
<div class="mainpage_box"><br />
<h3>[[File:Layout(1).png|alt=|frameless|40x40px]] [[Engineering|Tools & Templates]]</h3><br />
<div id="mainpage-devs" title="Developers" class="items"><br />
*[[Autocad tips|Everything about Autocad]]<br />
*Layout drawings<br />
*Electrical Drawings<br />
*Mechanical drawings<br />
*Energy production estimation tools<br />
*PV & Battery capacity sizing tools<br />
*Cable sizing tools<br />
</div><br />
</div><br />
<br />
</div><br />
<!-- Line 3 - Construction & O&M --><br />
<div id="audiences" class="mainpage_row"><br />
<!-- Line 3 - Installation / Construction --><br />
<div class="mainpage_box"><br />
<h3> [[File:Wrench.png|frameless|40x40px|link=Special:FilePath/Wrench.png]] <span>[[Installation]]</span></h3><br />
<div id="mainpage-users" title="Users" class="items"><br />
*Risk analysis<br />
*Installation safety<br />
**Working at high<br />
**Working on powered systems<br />
*General good practices<br />
</div><br />
</div><br />
<br />
<!-- Line 3 - Commissioning --><br />
<div class="mainpage_box"><br />
<h3>[[File:Quality.png|alt=|frameless|40x40px]] [[Engineering|Quality & Commissioning]]</h3><br />
<div id="mainpage-devs" title="Developers" class="items"><br />
*Quality Management<br />
*Commissioning steps<br />
</div><br />
</div><br />
<br />
<!-- Line 3 - O&M --><br />
<div class="mainpage_box"><br />
<h3>[[File:Renovation.png|frameless|40x40px|link=Special:FilePath/Renovation.png]] [[Operation & Maintenance]]</h3><span style="display:none"></span><div id="mainpage-devs" title="Developers" class="items"><br />
*Main indicators to follow<br />
*Pr<span style="display:none"></span>eventive maintenance <br />
*Co<span style="display:none"></span>rrective maintenance<br />
</div><br />
</div><br />
</div><br />
<br />
<!-- Line 4 - Project --><br />
<div id="audiences" class="mainpage_row"><br />
<!-- Line 4 - Project Methodology --><br />
<div class="mainpage_box"><br />
<h3> [[File:Solution.png|alt=|frameless|40x40px]] <span>[[Project management|Project Management]]</span></h3><br />
<div id="mainpage-users" title="Users" class="items"><br />
*Project stakeholders<br />
*Project steps<br />
*[[Financial control|Budget & Financial control]]<br />
*Planning<br />
<br />
</div><br />
</div><br />
<br />
<!-- Line 4 - Economics --><br />
<div class="mainpage_box"><br />
<h3>[[File:Dollar.png|alt=|frameless|40x40px]] [[Economics]]</h3><br />
<div id="mainpage-devs" title="Developers" class="items"><br />
*Key elements : CAPEX, OPEX, LCOE<br />
*LCOE<br />
*Profitability calculations<br />
*Budget & Project Pricing<br />
</div><br />
</div><br />
<br />
<!-- Line 4 - For Later use --><br />
<div class="mainpage_box"><br />
<h3>[[File:Renovation.png|frameless|40x40px|link=Special:FilePath/Renovation.png]] [[TBD|For later use]] </h3><span style="display:none"></span><div id="mainpage-devs" title="Developers" class="items"><br />
*<br />
</div><br />
</div><br />
</div><br />
<!-- Template new row --><br />
<!-- <br />
<div id="audiences" class="mainpage_row"><br />
<div class="mainpage_box"><br />
<h3> [[File:Wrench.png|frameless|40x40px|link=Special:FilePath/Wrench.png]] <span>[[Installation]]</span></h3><br />
<div id="mainpage-users" title="Users" class="items"><br />
*Article 1 <br />
*Article 2<br />
</div><br />
</div><br />
--><br />
<br />
<!-- Template box --><br />
<!--<br />
<div class="mainpage_box"><br />
<h3> [[File:Wrench.png|frameless|40x40px|link=Special:FilePath/Wrench.png]] <span>[[Project_methodology|Project Methodology]]</span></h3><br />
<div id="mainpage-users" title="Users" class="items"><br />
*Project stakeholders<br />
*Project steps<br />
**Survey<br />
**Basic Engineering<br />
*Project Management<br />
</div><br />
</div><br />
--><br />
== About the WikiSolar team ==<br />
WikiSolar is a place where you can find everything you need to know to build Solar Projects accross the world.<br />
<br />
This website is done by people working in the Solar and Renewable industry, working from small home systems, microgrid, and up to the biggest Solar Farms. The only goal is to make Solar projects development, design, installation and commissioning, easy and accessible to anyone around the world.<br />
<br />
We are convinced that today and at our small level, the most effective action to counter global warming is to share our knowledge so that the entire solar industry can improve and grow together. We believe that there will be enough opportunities in the world in the years to come that it is not necessary to hide knowledge in order to be more competitive than another company. Improvement of entire solar industry will increase the credibility of the sector which will benefit us all.<br />
<br />
Anyone can edit or create new pages on wikisolar, so if you think you can improve a page or speak about a useful topic, dont hesitate to click on "edit" on the top right. If you want to be part of the discussions of the Wikisolar team, you can join us on [https://teams.microsoft.com/join/snw7i6xqiu8q Microsoft Teams]. Nothing to earn except the personal fulfillment of knowing that you are helping someone in the world.<br />
<br />
<div id="misc-news" class="mainpage_row"><br />
<div class="mainpage_box"><br />
<h3><span>Get help and contribute</span></h3><br />
<div id="mainpage-help-contribute&quot;" title="Support and Contributing" class="items"><br />
*[[How to use WikiSolar|How to use WikiSolar (Ad]]<span style="display:none"></span><span style="display:none"></span>[[How to use WikiSolar|d / Modify articles)]]<br />
*[[Special:AllPages|All WikiSolar pages]]<br />
*[[Special:NewPages|L]]<span style="display:none"></span><span style="display:none"></span>[[Special:NewPages|atest new articles]]<br />
*[[Special:Log|A]]<span style="display:none"></span><span style="display:none"></span>[[Special:Log|ll latest modifications]]<span style="display:none"></span><span style="display:none"></span><br />
*[[WikiSolar:About|About the WikiSolar team]]<span style="display:none"></span><span style="display:none"></span><span style="display:none"></span><span style="display:none"></span><br />
</div><br />
</div><br />
<div class="mainpage_box"><br />
<h3><span>News</span></h3><br />
<div id="mainpage-news" title="News" class="items"><br />
<div style="margin: auto; vertical-align:top; text-align:left"><br />
;2020-11-22<br />
:The Solar Univeristy becomes WikiSolar and use the wikipedia template<div class="mainpage_boxcontents_small"><br />
;2020-04-18<br />
:The first version of the Solar University website is launched<br />
<br />
;2019-12<br />
:A team of solar engineers are joining forces to create "The Solar Univeristy"</div><br />
<br />
</div><br />
</div><br />
</div><br />
<br />
==Would like to contribute ?==<br />
At WikiSolar, we are not looking for money, all the articles are written voluntarily by people all around the world : Australia, Nigeria, France… and the running cost are beared by the site creator. <br />
<br />
All the people from this community believe that sharing the knowledge about Solar Projects is the best way to have leverage the energy transition. The content of this website is tailored in a way that engineers, installers, project developers can learn, ask questions and also contribute to existing and new topics. <br />
<br />
If you can improve some article, just click on edit on the top right corner, no need to be logged in, you can just modify any article. <br />
<br />
If there is any topic you want to see or if you are ready to write or correct a page, you’re more than welcome to join the team ! Just write few words in the discussion tab or use the [[Special:Contact|contact form.]] <br />
<br />
Everything about how to use and work with WikiSolar is explained here : [[How to use WikiSolar]]<br />
<br />
==Copyright==<br />
No Copyright here - Take everything you need !<br />
<br />
Knowledge shared here is based on international standards ; Local and all applicable standards for every region may however not be covered.<br />
<br />
__NOEDITSECTION____NOTOC__<br />
{{DEFAULTSORT:Home}}</div>HKhttps://wiki-solar.com/index.php?title=Electrical_protection_devices&diff=288Electrical protection devices2022-03-20T11:35:30Z<p>HK: </p>
<hr />
<div>Hello this is an example article<br />
<br />
<br />
This iis the second version of the article<br />
<br />
== Circuit breakers ==<br />
<br />
=== MCB ===<br />
<br />
=== GIS HV CB ===<br />
<br />
== Fuse ==</div>HKhttps://wiki-solar.com/index.php?title=Main_Page&diff=287Main Page2022-03-20T11:25:32Z<p>HK: </p>
<hr />
<div>{{DISPLAYTITLE:<span style="position: absolute; clip: rect(1px 1px 1px 1px); clip: rect(1px, 1px, 1px, 1px);">{{FULLPAGENAME}}</span>}}<br />
=Welcome to WikiSolar !=<br />
{{#seo:|title=WikiSolar Homepage|keywords=wikisolar, wiki solar,|description=Everything you need to know about Solar Projects and Engineering !}}Everything you need to know about Solar Projects and Engineering ! <br />
<br />
Here, all the concepts of PV systems are explained and illustrated in a pragmatic way as we use them in the all-day life of solar industry projects.<br />
<br />
This website covers or will soon cover, the main components of PV systems, main architectures, engineering guidelines, as well as safety guidelines and best practises during and after installation. <br />
<br />
We provide free drawings and templates in their raw format to help you on your projects.<div style="clear: both;"></div><br />
<!-- Line 1 - General PV --><br />
<div id="audiences" class="mainpage_row"><br />
<!-- Line 1 - PV key knowledge --><br />
<div class="mainpage_box"><br />
<h3>[[File:Solar-panel2.png|frameless|40x40px|link=Special:FilePath/Solar-panel2.png]] <span>[[PV knowledge|PV key knowledge]]</span></h3><br />
<div id="mainpage-admins" title="System administrators" class="items"><br />
*Energy & Electricity key knowledge<br />
*Power, Peak Power & Energy Production<br />
*[[Solar irradiance|Energy production estimation : Yield, Irradiation, Azimuth, Tilt]]<br />
*[[Photovoltaic Effect]]<br />
*[[PV cells technologies|Solar Cells technologies]]<br />
*[[Efficiency of PV modules]]<br />
*Performance ratio<br />
*Shading effetcs<br />
*C02 related figures<br />
*Fakenews answers<br />
<br />
</div><br />
</div><br />
<!-- Line 1 - Components --><br />
<div class="mainpage_box"><br />
<h3>[[File:Battery-status-full.png|frameless|40x40px|link=Special:FilePath/Battery-status-full.png]] <span>[[PV components|Components]]</span></h3><br />
<div id="mainpage-admins" title="System administrators" class="items"><br />
*PV modules<br />
*Mounting systems<br />
*PV inverters<br />
*Solar Farm - HV Inverter stations<br />
*Cables : AC - DC - Communication<br />
*[[Electrical protection devices]]<br />
*[[Connectors]]<br />
*Monitoring & SCADA<br />
*Power Plant Controller<br />
*ESS : Batteries & Battery inverters<br />
</div><br />
</div><br />
<!-- Line 1 - PV architectures --><br />
<div class="mainpage_box"><br />
<h3> [[File:Diagram.png|frameless|40x40px|link=Special:FilePath/Diagram.png]] <span>[[PV_systems|PV systems architectures]]</span></h3><br />
<div id="mainpage-users" title="Users" class="items"><br />
*Distributed Generation vs Solar Power Plant<br />
*Main Energy valorisation models<br />
*Main PV architectures<br />
**Grid connected - Full Feed-in<br />
**Grid connected - Self consumption<br />
**Offgrid & Hybrid<br />
*Solar Power Plant <br />
**DC side architecture<br />
**AC High Voltage architecture<br />
**HV Substation<br />
</div><br />
</div><br />
<br />
</div><br />
<br />
<!-- Line 2 - Engineering --><br />
<div id="audiences" class="mainpage_row"><br />
<!-- Line 2 - Engineering deliverables --><br />
<div class="mainpage_box"><br />
<h3>[[File:List.png|alt=|frameless|40x40px]] [[Engineering|Engineering deliverables]]</h3><br />
<div id="mainpage-devs" title="Developers" class="items"><br />
*List of a project engineering deliverables<br />
*Layouts<br />
*Electrical drawings<br />
*Mechanical drawings<br />
*Documents<br />
*Calculation notes<br />
</div><br />
</div><br />
<!-- Line 2 - Sizing --> <br />
<div class="mainpage_box"><br />
<h3>[[File:Square-root-of-x-math-formula.png|frameless|40x40px|link=Special:FilePath/Square-root-of-x-math-formula.png]] [[Engineering|Sizing]]</h3><br />
<div id="mainpage-devs" title="Developers" class="items"><br />
*[[Standards|International Standards applicable to Solar Industry]]<br />
*Sizing of PV array and PV inverters<br />
*[[Cable sizing]]<br />
*Sizing of protection devices<br />
*Sizing of Offgrid / Hybrid systems<br />
*Selection and sizing of mounting system<br />
*Civil Engineering for Solar projects<br />
*Safety in Design<br />
*Energy Efficiency <br />
</div><br />
</div><br />
<!-- Line 2 - Tools & Templates --><br />
<div class="mainpage_box"><br />
<h3>[[File:Layout(1).png|alt=|frameless|40x40px]] [[Engineering|Tools & Templates]]</h3><br />
<div id="mainpage-devs" title="Developers" class="items"><br />
*[[Autocad tips|Everything about Autocad]]<br />
*Layout drawings<br />
*Electrical Drawings<br />
*Mechanical drawings<br />
*Energy production estimation tools<br />
*PV & Battery capacity sizing tools<br />
*Cable sizing tools<br />
</div><br />
</div><br />
<br />
</div><br />
<!-- Line 3 - Construction & O&M --><br />
<div id="audiences" class="mainpage_row"><br />
<!-- Line 3 - Installation / Construction --><br />
<div class="mainpage_box"><br />
<h3> [[File:Wrench.png|frameless|40x40px|link=Special:FilePath/Wrench.png]] <span>[[Installation]]</span></h3><br />
<div id="mainpage-users" title="Users" class="items"><br />
*Risk analysis<br />
*Installation safety<br />
**Working at high<br />
**Working on powered systems<br />
*General good practices<br />
</div><br />
</div><br />
<br />
<!-- Line 3 - Commissioning --><br />
<div class="mainpage_box"><br />
<h3>[[File:Quality.png|alt=|frameless|40x40px]] [[Engineering|Quality & Commissioning]]</h3><br />
<div id="mainpage-devs" title="Developers" class="items"><br />
*Quality Management<br />
*Commissioning steps<br />
</div><br />
</div><br />
<br />
<!-- Line 3 - O&M --><br />
<div class="mainpage_box"><br />
<h3>[[File:Renovation.png|frameless|40x40px|link=Special:FilePath/Renovation.png]] [[Operation & Maintenance]]</h3><span style="display:none"></span><div id="mainpage-devs" title="Developers" class="items"><br />
*Main indicators to follow<br />
*Pr<span style="display:none"></span>eventive maintenance <br />
*Co<span style="display:none"></span>rrective maintenance<br />
</div><br />
</div><br />
</div><br />
<br />
<!-- Line 4 - Project --><br />
<div id="audiences" class="mainpage_row"><br />
<!-- Line 4 - Project Methodology --><br />
<div class="mainpage_box"><br />
<h3> [[File:Solution.png|alt=|frameless|40x40px]] <span>[[Project management|Project Management]]</span></h3><br />
<div id="mainpage-users" title="Users" class="items"><br />
*Project stakeholders<br />
*Project steps<br />
*[[Financial control|Budget & Financial control]]<br />
*Planning<br />
<br />
</div><br />
</div><br />
<br />
<!-- Line 4 - Economics --><br />
<div class="mainpage_box"><br />
<h3>[[File:Dollar.png|alt=|frameless|40x40px]] [[Economics]]</h3><br />
<div id="mainpage-devs" title="Developers" class="items"><br />
*Key elements : CAPEX, OPEX, LCOE<br />
*LCOE<br />
*Profitability calculations<br />
*Budget & Project Pricing<br />
</div><br />
</div><br />
<br />
<!-- Line 4 - For Later use --><br />
<div class="mainpage_box"><br />
<h3>[[File:Renovation.png|frameless|40x40px|link=Special:FilePath/Renovation.png]] [[TBD|For later use]] </h3><span style="display:none"></span><div id="mainpage-devs" title="Developers" class="items"><br />
*<br />
</div><br />
</div><br />
</div><br />
<!-- Template new row --><br />
<!-- <br />
<div id="audiences" class="mainpage_row"><br />
<div class="mainpage_box"><br />
<h3> [[File:Wrench.png|frameless|40x40px|link=Special:FilePath/Wrench.png]] <span>[[Installation]]</span></h3><br />
<div id="mainpage-users" title="Users" class="items"><br />
*Article 1 <br />
*Article 2<br />
</div><br />
</div><br />
--><br />
<br />
<!-- Template box --><br />
<!--<br />
<div class="mainpage_box"><br />
<h3> [[File:Wrench.png|frameless|40x40px|link=Special:FilePath/Wrench.png]] <span>[[Project_methodology|Project Methodology]]</span></h3><br />
<div id="mainpage-users" title="Users" class="items"><br />
*Project stakeholders<br />
*Project steps<br />
**Survey<br />
**Basic Engineering<br />
*Project Management<br />
</div><br />
</div><br />
--><br />
== About the WikiSolar team ==<br />
WikiSolar is a place where you can find everything you need to know to build Solar Projects accross the world.<br />
<br />
This website is done by people working in the Solar and Renewable industry, working from small home systems, microgrid, and up to the biggest Solar Farms. The only goal is to make Solar projects development, design, installation and commissioning, easy and accessible to anyone around the world.<br />
<br />
We are convinced that today and at our small level, the most effective action to counter global warming is to share our knowledge so that the entire solar industry can improve and grow together. We believe that there will be enough opportunities in the world in the years to come that it is not necessary to hide knowledge in order to be more competitive than another company. Improvement of entire solar industry will increase the credibility of the sector which will benefit us all.<br />
<br />
Anyone can edit or create new pages on wikisolar, so if you think you can improve a page or speak about a useful topic, dont hesitate to click on "edit" on the top right. If you want to be part of the discussions of the Wikisolar team, you can join us on [https://teams.microsoft.com/join/snw7i6xqiu8q Microsoft Teams]. Nothing to earn except the personal fulfillment of knowing that you are helping someone in the world.<br />
<br />
<div id="misc-news" class="mainpage_row"><br />
<div class="mainpage_box"><br />
<h3><span>Get help and contribute</span></h3><br />
<div id="mainpage-help-contribute&quot;" title="Support and Contributing" class="items"><br />
*[[How to use WikiSolar|How to use WikiSolar (Ad]]<span style="display:none"></span><span style="display:none"></span>[[How to use WikiSolar|d / Modify articles)]]<br />
*[[Special:AllPages|All WikiSolar pages]]<br />
*[[Special:NewPages|L]]<span style="display:none"></span><span style="display:none"></span>[[Special:NewPages|atest new articles]]<br />
*[[Special:Log|A]]<span style="display:none"></span><span style="display:none"></span>[[Special:Log|ll latest modifications]]<span style="display:none"></span><span style="display:none"></span><br />
*[[WikiSolar:About|About the WikiSolar team]]<span style="display:none"></span><span style="display:none"></span><span style="display:none"></span><span style="display:none"></span><br />
</div><br />
</div><br />
<div class="mainpage_box"><br />
<h3><span>News</span></h3><br />
<div id="mainpage-news" title="News" class="items"><br />
<div style="margin: auto; vertical-align:top; text-align:left"><br />
;2020-11-22<br />
:The Solar Univeristy becomes WikiSolar and use the wikipedia template<div class="mainpage_boxcontents_small"><br />
;2020-04-18<br />
:The first version of the Solar University website is launched<br />
<br />
;2019-12<br />
:A team of solar engineers are joining forces to create "The Solar Univeristy"</div><br />
<br />
</div><br />
</div><br />
</div><br />
<br />
==Would like to contribute ?==<br />
At WikiSolar, we are not looking for money, all the articles are written voluntarily by people all around the world : Australia, Nigeria, France… and the running cost are beared by the site creator. <br />
<br />
All the people from this community believe that sharing the knowledge about Solar Projects is the best way to have leverage the energy transition. The content of this website is tailored in a way that engineers, installers, project developers can learn, ask questions and also contribute to existing and new topics. <br />
<br />
If you can improve some article, just click on edit on the top right corner, no need to be logged in, you can just modify any article. <br />
<br />
If there is any topic you want to see or if you are ready to write or correct a page, you’re more than welcome to join the team ! Just write few words in the discussion tab or use the [[Special:Contact|contact form.]] <br />
<br />
Everything about how to use and work with WikiSolar is explained here : [[How to use WikiSolar]]<br />
<br />
==Copyright==<br />
No Copyright here - Take everything you need !<br />
<br />
Knowledge shared here is based on international standards ; Local and all applicable standards for every region may however not be covered.<br />
<br />
__NOEDITSECTION____NOTOC__<br />
{{DEFAULTSORT:Home}}</div>HKhttps://wiki-solar.com/index.php?title=Connectors&diff=286Connectors2022-03-20T11:25:02Z<p>HK: first version</p>
<hr />
<div>This is the connector page <br />
<br />
MC4 EVO2<br />
<br />
AMPHENOL</div>HKhttps://wiki-solar.com/index.php?title=Electrical_protection_devices&diff=285Electrical protection devices2022-03-20T11:23:54Z<p>HK: second version</p>
<hr />
<div>Hello this is an example article<br />
<br />
<br />
This iis the second version of the article</div>HKhttps://wiki-solar.com/index.php?title=Electrical_protection_devices&diff=284Electrical protection devices2022-03-20T11:23:09Z<p>HK: First version</p>
<hr />
<div>Hello this is an example article</div>HKhttps://wiki-solar.com/index.php?title=MediaWiki:Sidebar&diff=283MediaWiki:Sidebar2022-03-20T10:59:59Z<p>HK: </p>
<hr />
<div><br />
* Navigate<br />
** mainpage|Homepage<br />
* Menu<br />
** PV_knowledge|PV knowledge<br />
** PV_components|Components<br />
** PV_systems|PV systems<br />
** engineering|Engineering<br />
**Installation|Installation<br />
**engineering|Quality & Commissioning<br />
**Operation_&_Maintenance|Operation & Maintenance<br />
**Project_management|Project Management<br />
**Economics|Economics<br />
<br />
* Useful<br />
** How_to_use_WikiSolar|How to use WikiSolar<br />
** https://teams.microsoft.com/join/snw7i6xqiu8q|Join us on Teams<br />
** helppage|Help<br />
<br />
* Admin<br />
** recentchanges-url|recentchanges<br />
** Special:Log|Pages logs<br />
** randompage-url|randompage<br />
** MediaWiki:Sidebar|Sidebar settings<br />
<br />
* SEARCH<br />
* TOOLBOX<br />
* LANGUAGES</div>HKhttps://wiki-solar.com/index.php?title=MediaWiki:Sidebar&diff=282MediaWiki:Sidebar2022-02-21T04:14:45Z<p>HK: </p>
<hr />
<div><br />
* Navigate<br />
** mainpage|Homepage<br />
* Menu<br />
** PV_knowledge|PV knowledge<br />
** PV_components|Components<br />
** PV_systems|PV systems<br />
** engineering|Engineering<br />
**Installation|Installation<br />
**engineering|Quality & Commissioning<br />
**Operation_&_Maintenance|Operation & Maintenance<br />
**Project_management|Project Management<br />
**Economics|Economics<br />
<br />
* Useful<br />
** How_to_use_WikiSolar|How to use WikiSolar<br />
** https://teams.microsoft.com/join/snw7i6xqiu8q|Join us on Teams<br />
** special:Contact|Contact<br />
** helppage|Help<br />
<br />
* Admin<br />
** recentchanges-url|recentchanges<br />
** Special:Log|Pages logs<br />
** randompage-url|randompage<br />
** MediaWiki:Sidebar|Sidebar settings<br />
<br />
* SEARCH<br />
* TOOLBOX<br />
* LANGUAGES</div>HKhttps://wiki-solar.com/index.php?title=MediaWiki:Sidebar&diff=281MediaWiki:Sidebar2022-02-21T04:10:14Z<p>HK: </p>
<hr />
<div><br />
* Navigate<br />
** mainpage|Homepage<br />
* Menu<br />
** PV_knowledge|PV knowledge<br />
** PV_components|Components<br />
** PV_systems|PV systems<br />
** engineering|Engineering<br />
**Installation|Installation<br />
**engineering|Quality & Commissioning<br />
**Operation_&_Maintenance|Operation & Maintenance<br />
**Project_management|Project Management<br />
**Economics|Economics<br />
<br />
* Useful<br />
** How_to_use_WikiSolar|How to use WikiSolar<br />
** <span class='foo'>https://teams.microsoft.com/join/snw7i6xqiu8q</span>|Join us on Teams<br />
** special:Contact|Contact<br />
** helppage|Help<br />
<br />
* Admin<br />
** recentchanges-url|recentchanges<br />
** Special:Log|Pages logs<br />
** randompage-url|randompage<br />
** MediaWiki:Sidebar|Sidebar settings<br />
<br />
* SEARCH<br />
* TOOLBOX<br />
* LANGUAGES</div>HKhttps://wiki-solar.com/index.php?title=MediaWiki:Sidebar&diff=280MediaWiki:Sidebar2022-02-21T04:09:43Z<p>HK: </p>
<hr />
<div><br />
* Navigate<br />
** mainpage|Homepage<br />
* Menu<br />
** PV_knowledge|PV knowledge<br />
** PV_components|Components<br />
** PV_systems|PV systems<br />
** engineering|Engineering<br />
**Installation|Installation<br />
**engineering|Quality & Commissioning<br />
**Operation_&_Maintenance|Operation & Maintenance<br />
**Project_management|Project Management<br />
**Economics|Economics<br />
<br />
* Useful<br />
** How_to_use_WikiSolar|How to use WikiSolar<br />
** <span class='foo'>[https://teams.microsoft.com/join/snw7i6xqiu8q]</span>|Join us on Teams<br />
** special:Contact|Contact<br />
** helppage|Help<br />
<br />
* Admin<br />
** recentchanges-url|recentchanges<br />
** Special:Log|Pages logs<br />
** randompage-url|randompage<br />
** MediaWiki:Sidebar|Sidebar settings<br />
<br />
* SEARCH<br />
* TOOLBOX<br />
* LANGUAGES</div>HKhttps://wiki-solar.com/index.php?title=MediaWiki:Sidebar&diff=279MediaWiki:Sidebar2022-02-21T04:04:12Z<p>HK: </p>
<hr />
<div><br />
* Navigate<br />
** mainpage|Homepage<br />
* Menu<br />
** PV_knowledge|PV knowledge<br />
** PV_components|Components<br />
** PV_systems|PV systems<br />
** engineering|Engineering<br />
**Installation|Installation<br />
**engineering|Quality & Commissioning<br />
**Operation_&_Maintenance|Operation & Maintenance<br />
**Project_management|Project Management<br />
**Economics|Economics<br />
<br />
* Useful<br />
** How_to_use_WikiSolar|How to use WikiSolar<br />
** [https://teams.microsoft.com/join/snw7i6xqiu8q]|Join us on Teams<br />
** special:Contact|Contact<br />
** helppage|Help<br />
<br />
* Admin<br />
** recentchanges-url|recentchanges<br />
** Special:Log|Pages logs<br />
** randompage-url|randompage<br />
** MediaWiki:Sidebar|Sidebar settings<br />
<br />
* SEARCH<br />
* TOOLBOX<br />
* LANGUAGES</div>HKhttps://wiki-solar.com/index.php?title=MediaWiki:Sidebar&diff=278MediaWiki:Sidebar2022-02-20T15:08:39Z<p>HK: </p>
<hr />
<div><br />
* Navigate<br />
** mainpage|Homepage<br />
* Menu<br />
** PV_knowledge|PV knowledge<br />
** PV_components|Components<br />
** PV_systems|PV systems<br />
** engineering|Engineering<br />
**Installation|Installation<br />
**engineering|Quality & Commissioning<br />
**Operation_&_Maintenance|Operation & Maintenance<br />
**Project_management|Project Management<br />
**Economics|Economics<br />
<br />
* Useful<br />
** How_to_use_WikiSolar|How to use WikiSolar<br />
** https://teams.microsoft.com/join/snw7i6xqiu8q|Join us on Teams<br />
** special:Contact|Contact<br />
** helppage|Help<br />
<br />
* Admin<br />
** recentchanges-url|recentchanges<br />
** Special:Log|Pages logs<br />
** randompage-url|randompage<br />
** MediaWiki:Sidebar|Sidebar settings<br />
<br />
* SEARCH<br />
* TOOLBOX<br />
* LANGUAGES</div>HKhttps://wiki-solar.com/index.php?title=Main_Page&diff=277Main Page2022-02-20T15:07:34Z<p>HK: addition of MS Team link</p>
<hr />
<div>{{DISPLAYTITLE:<span style="position: absolute; clip: rect(1px 1px 1px 1px); clip: rect(1px, 1px, 1px, 1px);">{{FULLPAGENAME}}</span>}}<br />
=Welcome to WikiSolar !=<br />
{{#seo:|title=WikiSolar Homepage|keywords=wikisolar, wiki solar,|description=Everything you need to know about Solar Projects and Engineering !}}Everything you need to know about Solar Projects and Engineering ! <br />
<br />
Here, all the concepts of PV systems are explained and illustrated in a pragmatic way as we use them in the all-day life of solar industry projects.<br />
<br />
This website covers or will soon cover, the main components of PV systems, main architectures, engineering guidelines, as well as safety guidelines and best practises during and after installation. <br />
<br />
We provide free drawings and templates in their raw format to help you on your projects.<div style="clear: both;"></div><br />
<!-- Line 1 - General PV --><br />
<div id="audiences" class="mainpage_row"><br />
<!-- Line 1 - PV key knowledge --><br />
<div class="mainpage_box"><br />
<h3>[[File:Solar-panel2.png|frameless|40x40px|link=Special:FilePath/Solar-panel2.png]] <span>[[PV knowledge|PV key knowledge]]</span></h3><br />
<div id="mainpage-admins" title="System administrators" class="items"><br />
*Energy & Electricity key knowledge<br />
*Power, Peak Power & Energy Production<br />
*[[Solar irradiance|Energy production estimation : Yield, Irradiation, Azimuth, Tilt]]<br />
*[[Photovoltaic Effect]]<br />
*[[PV cells technologies|Solar Cells technologies]]<br />
*[[Efficiency of PV modules]]<br />
*Performance ratio<br />
*Shading effetcs<br />
*C02 related figures<br />
*Fakenews answers<br />
<br />
</div><br />
</div><br />
<!-- Line 1 - Components --><br />
<div class="mainpage_box"><br />
<h3>[[File:Battery-status-full.png|frameless|40x40px|link=Special:FilePath/Battery-status-full.png]] <span>[[PV components|Components]]</span></h3><br />
<div id="mainpage-admins" title="System administrators" class="items"><br />
*PV modules<br />
*Mounting systems<br />
*PV inverters<br />
*Solar Farm - HV Inverter stations<br />
*Cables : AC - DC - Communication<br />
*[[Electrical protection devices]]<br />
*Connectors<br />
*Monitoring & SCADA<br />
*Power Plant Controller<br />
*ESS : Batteries & Battery inverters<br />
</div><br />
</div><br />
<!-- Line 1 - PV architectures --><br />
<div class="mainpage_box"><br />
<h3> [[File:Diagram.png|frameless|40x40px|link=Special:FilePath/Diagram.png]] <span>[[PV_systems|PV systems architectures]]</span></h3><br />
<div id="mainpage-users" title="Users" class="items"><br />
*Distributed Generation vs Solar Power Plant<br />
*Main Energy valorisation models<br />
*Main PV architectures<br />
**Grid connected - Full Feed-in<br />
**Grid connected - Self consumption<br />
**Offgrid & Hybrid<br />
*Solar Power Plant <br />
**DC side architecture<br />
**AC High Voltage architecture<br />
**HV Substation<br />
</div><br />
</div><br />
<br />
</div><br />
<br />
<!-- Line 2 - Engineering --><br />
<div id="audiences" class="mainpage_row"><br />
<!-- Line 2 - Engineering deliverables --><br />
<div class="mainpage_box"><br />
<h3>[[File:List.png|alt=|frameless|40x40px]] [[Engineering|Engineering deliverables]]</h3><br />
<div id="mainpage-devs" title="Developers" class="items"><br />
*List of a project engineering deliverables<br />
*Layouts<br />
*Electrical drawings<br />
*Mechanical drawings<br />
*Documents<br />
*Calculation notes<br />
</div><br />
</div><br />
<!-- Line 2 - Sizing --> <br />
<div class="mainpage_box"><br />
<h3>[[File:Square-root-of-x-math-formula.png|frameless|40x40px|link=Special:FilePath/Square-root-of-x-math-formula.png]] [[Engineering|Sizing]]</h3><br />
<div id="mainpage-devs" title="Developers" class="items"><br />
*[[Standards|International Standards applicable to Solar Industry]]<br />
*Sizing of PV array and PV inverters<br />
*[[Cable sizing]]<br />
*Sizing of protection devices<br />
*Sizing of Offgrid / Hybrid systems<br />
*Selection and sizing of mounting system<br />
*Civil Engineering for Solar projects<br />
*Safety in Design<br />
*Energy Efficiency <br />
</div><br />
</div><br />
<!-- Line 2 - Tools & Templates --><br />
<div class="mainpage_box"><br />
<h3>[[File:Layout(1).png|alt=|frameless|40x40px]] [[Engineering|Tools & Templates]]</h3><br />
<div id="mainpage-devs" title="Developers" class="items"><br />
*[[Autocad tips|Everything about Autocad]]<br />
*Layout drawings<br />
*Electrical Drawings<br />
*Mechanical drawings<br />
*Energy production estimation tools<br />
*PV & Battery capacity sizing tools<br />
*Cable sizing tools<br />
</div><br />
</div><br />
<br />
</div><br />
<!-- Line 3 - Construction & O&M --><br />
<div id="audiences" class="mainpage_row"><br />
<!-- Line 3 - Installation / Construction --><br />
<div class="mainpage_box"><br />
<h3> [[File:Wrench.png|frameless|40x40px|link=Special:FilePath/Wrench.png]] <span>[[Installation]]</span></h3><br />
<div id="mainpage-users" title="Users" class="items"><br />
*Risk analysis<br />
*Installation safety<br />
**Working at high<br />
**Working on powered systems<br />
*General good practices<br />
</div><br />
</div><br />
<br />
<!-- Line 3 - Commissioning --><br />
<div class="mainpage_box"><br />
<h3>[[File:Quality.png|alt=|frameless|40x40px]] [[Engineering|Quality & Commissioning]]</h3><br />
<div id="mainpage-devs" title="Developers" class="items"><br />
*Quality Management<br />
*Commissioning steps<br />
</div><br />
</div><br />
<br />
<!-- Line 3 - O&M --><br />
<div class="mainpage_box"><br />
<h3>[[File:Renovation.png|frameless|40x40px|link=Special:FilePath/Renovation.png]] [[Operation & Maintenance]]</h3><span style="display:none"></span><div id="mainpage-devs" title="Developers" class="items"><br />
*Main indicators to follow<br />
*Pr<span style="display:none"></span>eventive maintenance <br />
*Co<span style="display:none"></span>rrective maintenance<br />
</div><br />
</div><br />
</div><br />
<br />
<!-- Line 4 - Project --><br />
<div id="audiences" class="mainpage_row"><br />
<!-- Line 4 - Project Methodology --><br />
<div class="mainpage_box"><br />
<h3> [[File:Solution.png|alt=|frameless|40x40px]] <span>[[Project management|Project Management]]</span></h3><br />
<div id="mainpage-users" title="Users" class="items"><br />
*Project stakeholders<br />
*Project steps<br />
*[[Financial control|Budget & Financial control]]<br />
*Planning<br />
<br />
</div><br />
</div><br />
<br />
<!-- Line 4 - Economics --><br />
<div class="mainpage_box"><br />
<h3>[[File:Dollar.png|alt=|frameless|40x40px]] [[Economics]]</h3><br />
<div id="mainpage-devs" title="Developers" class="items"><br />
*Key elements : CAPEX, OPEX, LCOE<br />
*LCOE<br />
*Profitability calculations<br />
*Budget & Project Pricing<br />
</div><br />
</div><br />
<br />
<!-- Line 4 - For Later use --><br />
<div class="mainpage_box"><br />
<h3>[[File:Renovation.png|frameless|40x40px|link=Special:FilePath/Renovation.png]] [[TBD|For later use]] </h3><span style="display:none"></span><div id="mainpage-devs" title="Developers" class="items"><br />
*<br />
</div><br />
</div><br />
</div><br />
<!-- Template new row --><br />
<!-- <br />
<div id="audiences" class="mainpage_row"><br />
<div class="mainpage_box"><br />
<h3> [[File:Wrench.png|frameless|40x40px|link=Special:FilePath/Wrench.png]] <span>[[Installation]]</span></h3><br />
<div id="mainpage-users" title="Users" class="items"><br />
*Article 1 <br />
*Article 2<br />
</div><br />
</div><br />
--><br />
<br />
<!-- Template box --><br />
<!--<br />
<div class="mainpage_box"><br />
<h3> [[File:Wrench.png|frameless|40x40px|link=Special:FilePath/Wrench.png]] <span>[[Project_methodology|Project Methodology]]</span></h3><br />
<div id="mainpage-users" title="Users" class="items"><br />
*Project stakeholders<br />
*Project steps<br />
**Survey<br />
**Basic Engineering<br />
*Project Management<br />
</div><br />
</div><br />
--><br />
== About the WikiSolar team ==<br />
WikiSolar is a place where you can find everything you need to know to build Solar Projects accross the world.<br />
<br />
This website is done by people working in the Solar and Renewable industry, working from small home systems, microgrid, and up to the biggest Solar Farms. The only goal is to make Solar projects development, design, installation and commissioning, easy and accessible to anyone around the world.<br />
<br />
We are convinced that today and at our small level, the most effective action to counter global warming is to share our knowledge so that the entire solar industry can improve and grow together. We believe that there will be enough opportunities in the world in the years to come that it is not necessary to hide knowledge in order to be more competitive than another company. Improvement of entire solar industry will increase the credibility of the sector which will benefit us all.<br />
<br />
Anyone can edit or create new pages on wikisolar, so if you think you can improve a page or speak about a useful topic, dont hesitate to click on "edit" on the top right. If you want to be part of the discussions of the Wikisolar team, you can join us on [https://teams.microsoft.com/join/snw7i6xqiu8q Microsoft Teams]. Nothing to earn except the personal fulfillment of knowing that you are helping someone in the world.<br />
<br />
<div id="misc-news" class="mainpage_row"><br />
<div class="mainpage_box"><br />
<h3><span>Get help and contribute</span></h3><br />
<div id="mainpage-help-contribute&quot;" title="Support and Contributing" class="items"><br />
*[[How to use WikiSolar|How to use WikiSolar (Ad]]<span style="display:none"></span><span style="display:none"></span>[[How to use WikiSolar|d / Modify articles)]]<br />
*[[Special:AllPages|All WikiSolar pages]]<br />
*[[Special:NewPages|L]]<span style="display:none"></span><span style="display:none"></span>[[Special:NewPages|atest new articles]]<br />
*[[Special:Log|A]]<span style="display:none"></span><span style="display:none"></span>[[Special:Log|ll latest modifications]]<span style="display:none"></span><span style="display:none"></span><br />
*[[WikiSolar:About|About the WikiSolar team]]<span style="display:none"></span><span style="display:none"></span><span style="display:none"></span><span style="display:none"></span><br />
</div><br />
</div><br />
<div class="mainpage_box"><br />
<h3><span>News</span></h3><br />
<div id="mainpage-news" title="News" class="items"><br />
<div style="margin: auto; vertical-align:top; text-align:left"><br />
;2020-11-22<br />
:The Solar Univeristy becomes WikiSolar and use the wikipedia template<div class="mainpage_boxcontents_small"><br />
;2020-04-18<br />
:The first version of the Solar University website is launched<br />
<br />
;2019-12<br />
:A team of solar engineers are joining forces to create "The Solar Univeristy"</div><br />
<br />
</div><br />
</div><br />
</div><br />
<br />
==Would like to contribute ?==<br />
At WikiSolar, we are not looking for money, all the articles are written voluntarily by people all around the world : Australia, Nigeria, France… and the running cost are beared by the site creator. <br />
<br />
All the people from this community believe that sharing the knowledge about Solar Projects is the best way to have leverage the energy transition. The content of this website is tailored in a way that engineers, installers, project developers can learn, ask questions and also contribute to existing and new topics. <br />
<br />
If you can improve some article, just click on edit on the top right corner, no need to be logged in, you can just modify any article. <br />
<br />
If there is any topic you want to see or if you are ready to write or correct a page, you’re more than welcome to join the team ! Just write few words in the discussion tab or use the [[Special:Contact|contact form.]] <br />
<br />
Everything about how to use and work with WikiSolar is explained here : [[How to use WikiSolar]]<br />
<br />
==Copyright==<br />
No Copyright here - Take everything you need !<br />
<br />
Knowledge shared here is based on international standards ; Local and all applicable standards for every region may however not be covered.<br />
<br />
__NOEDITSECTION____NOTOC__<br />
{{DEFAULTSORT:Home}}</div>HKhttps://wiki-solar.com/index.php?title=Financial_control&diff=274Financial control2021-07-30T00:08:21Z<p>HK: </p>
<hr />
<div>== Why Financial control ? ==<br />
The key factors of profitability are managing your income and controlling and forecasting expenses. Therefore, having a good financial control of your project is necessary. It is then recommended to have a cost controller on the project who will monitor the performance of the project and provide the economic and financial indicators to analyze the operational and strategic management of the project.<br />
<br />
== Budget lifetime ==<br />
On a financial point of view, a budget lifetime can be split in three phases : <br />
<br />
# Tender : Budget estimation & negociations<br />
# Work execution : Expenses control as per the initial budget<br />
# Operation & Maintenance : O&M Expenses and Asset performance controls as per initial cash flow prediction<br />
<br />
[[File:Financial control steps.png|center|thumb|561x561px|Budget phases]]<br />
<br />
==== Tender & Commercial phase ====<br />
From the early stage of the project, until the project is signed on a agreed budget and the Contract enter into force.<br />
<br />
During this phase, main goals are to :<br />
<br />
* Estimate properly the project cost, including potential risks of non forecasted expenses<br />
* Run cash flow and profitability analysis depending on the energy production estimation and business model<br />
* Optimize & Negotiate with project stakeholders to agree on a final price for the project<br />
<br />
==== Work execution phase ====<br />
This phase last from the entry into force of the contract until finilization of the work, including commissionning and client reception. <br />
<br />
Cost of the project has already been agreed with projects stakeholders, hence the main goal during this phase is to monitor all the expenses and forecast the end of project budget.<br />
<br />
This phase is called '''Financial control''' or '''Cost control''' and aim is to provide to the project manager the knowledge of where will end the project. Same apply for the planning. <br />
<br />
==== O&M phase ====<br />
Similarly to the construction / execution phase, Financial control during O&M is needed in order to : <br />
<br />
* Control O&M expenses to stay within the budgeted O&M costs<br />
* Perform effective cash flow analysis (Income & Expenses) between what was initially forecasted before project launch, and real figures<br />
<br />
== Role of Financial control ==<br />
Among other things, Financial control main missions are to :<br />
<br />
* Monitor project costs and check whether the established objectives have been reached, highlighting any differences with respect to forecasts and identifying, if so, the causes of such deviations, and implementing corrective actions<br />
* Carrie out the reviews of the end-of-site forecasts;<br />
* Performs risk analysis;<br />
* Perform cash analysis and cash forecasts<br />
* Prepare monthly reporting<br />
<br />
== Steps of Financial control ==<br />
In order to produce the best monitoring, the cost controller must first:<br />
<br />
* Read carefully the contract (terms of payment, penalties, bank guarantees, insurances, etc.)<br />
* Understand the milestones and establish a cash-in follow up that will be revised monthly with the operational staff<br />
* Establish a client invoicing follow-up <br />
* Establish a bank guarantee follow-up<br />
* Establish an insurance follow-up<br />
* Understand perfectly the budget allowed to the project and set up a detailed budget breakdown with cost codes (cf '''''Cost Codes''''' section)<br />
* Create processes for Purchase Orders and a subcontractor follow-up (cf '''''Purchase Requisition Procedure''''' section)<br />
* Create a monthly monitoring framework (cf '''''Topsheet''''' section)<br />
<br />
=== Budget Breakdown and Monthly Reporting ===<br />
The production team responsible for the project is committed to forecasting end-of-work expenses that we can call the Objective. The Objective is an intangible reference which represents the common commitment of the production. Every month, the cost controller will compare the reality of expenditure to this initial forecast and present it on a topsheet. This reporting will make it possible to:<br />
<br />
* Know the results at the stage and at the end of the work<br />
* Compare achievements with forecasts<br />
* Appreciate the future trajectory by assessing the obstacles and risks<br />
* Decide on actions to influence the trajectory in order to achieve / improve the objectives set<br />
<br />
==== Cost Codes ====<br />
Once he possesses the budget breakdown, the cost controller needs to allocate each category of costs with an analytical code that will help him to allocate all the costs in front of the right budget. The breakdown can be more or less precise, depending on the level of cost analysis desired. An example of the breakdown is given on the right:<br />
[[File:Cost codes.png|thumb|Cost code example]]<br />
<br />
<br />
==== Topsheet ====<br />
The topsheet is the main document of the monthly reporting = it synthetizes the results at the stage and at the end of the works and compares it with the budget.<br />
<br />
It gathers all the costs, here is an example of a topsheet for the follow up of a solar project:<br />
<br />
<br />
'''//To be updated'''<br />
<br />
==== Purchase Requisition Procedure ====<br />
<br />
===== Overall Process Summary =====<br />
[[File:PR process.png|center|thumb|605x605px]]<br />
<br />
===== Example of a Purchase Requisition Form =====<br />
[[File:PR template.png|center|alt=|frameless|471x471px]]<br />
[[File:PR template 2.png|center|thumb|962x962px]]<br />
<br />
<br />
Tracking Follow up Example <br />
[[File:PR tracker.png|center|thumb|454x454px]] <br />
<br />
== Risks & Opportunities ==<br />
Some costs or incomes might not be certain (work progress may vary depending on the rain, on the breakdown of a machine...) which would impact the end of work forecast. So, it is important to have a follow up of those risks and opportunities that need to be revised monthly with operational staff in order to avoid bad surprises at some point in time.<br />
<br />
Once all the processes are properly set up, the management controller can get down to his main mission which is data analysis, alerting, optimization of expenses and, if necessary, implementing corrective actions to solve deviations.<br />
<br />
== Performance management ==<br />
The cost controller is responsible for interpreting and evaluating business activity to allow the monitoring of performance. He:<br />
<br />
* Determines areas of optimization and helps operational managers in their decision-making<br />
* Support operational staff in their development projects<br />
* Anticipates drifts, alerts operational staff and recommends corrective actions<br />
* Sets up tools for controlling and monitoring actions and measures the effects<br />
<br />
For example, one of the main sources of expenditure is labor. The cost controller must analyze hirings and departures on a monthly basis. He must check if all of them have been planned and if not why they are necessary. Labor must be related to the pace of work. For this, the manager must work with the operational teams to determine the remaining work to be done and what manpower is needed for this. In this example it is important for the cost controller to visit the site regularly in order to sensitize the teams if staff are underutilized.<br />
<br />
His on-site visits also allow him to check, for example, the rate at which small tools or HQSE equipment is used and whether he needs to review his expenditure budgets.<br />
<br />
Making engineers and site managers aware of the expenses and sensitize them about importance of cost management gives momentum to the project and allows everyone to look in the same direction in order to get the project out in the best possible way.<br />
<br />
=== Monthly cost control review ===<br />
Goals:<br />
<br />
* Analyze figures<br />
* Inform teams<br />
* Learn lessons<br />
<br />
It is a time for dialogue, discussion and exchanges between the production manager and his hierarchy. <br />
<br />
It results in practical decisions, corrective measure if necessary, and actions follow-up.<br />
<br />
== Free Template ==<br />
If you're still here, you disearved it : Here is a template of cost control sheet. <br />
<br />
'''<u>// Will be uploaded very soon.</u>'''</div>HKhttps://wiki-solar.com/index.php?title=Financial_control&diff=267Financial control2021-05-04T07:21:01Z<p>HK: </p>
<hr />
<div>== Why Financial control ? ==<br />
The key factors of profitability are managing your income and controlling and forecasting expenses. Therefore, having a good financial control of your project is necessary. It is then recommended to have a cost controller on the project who will monitor the performance of the project and provide the economic and financial indicators to analyze the operational and strategic management of the project.<br />
<br />
== Budget lifetime ==<br />
On a financial point of view, a budget lifetime can be split in three phases : <br />
<br />
# Tender : Budget estimation & negociations<br />
# Work execution : Expenses control as per the initial budget<br />
# Operation & Maintenance : O&M Expenses and Asset performance controls as per initial cash flow prediction<br />
<br />
[[File:Financial control steps.png|center|thumb|561x561px|Budget phases]]<br />
<br />
==== Tender & Commercial phase ====<br />
From the early stage of the project, until the project is signed on a agreed budget and the Contract enter into force.<br />
<br />
During this phase, main goals are to :<br />
<br />
* Estimate properly the project cost, including potential risks of non forecasted expenses<br />
* Run cash flow and profitability analysis depending on the energy production estimation and business model<br />
* Optimize & Negotiate with project stakeholders to agree on a final price for the project<br />
<br />
==== Work execution phase ====<br />
This phase last from the entry into force of the contract until finilization of the work, including commissionning and client reception. <br />
<br />
Cost of the project has already been agreed with projects stakeholders, hence the main goal during this phase is to monitor all the expenses and forecast the end of project budget.<br />
<br />
This phase is called '''Financial control''' or '''Cost control''' and aim is to provide to the project manager the knowledge of where will end the project. Same apply for the planning. <br />
<br />
==== O&M phase ====<br />
Similarly to the construction / execution phase, Financial control during O&M is needed in order to : <br />
<br />
* Control O&M expenses to stay within the budgeted O&M costs<br />
* Perform effective cash flow analysis (Income & Expenses) between what was initially forecasted before project launch, and real figures<br />
<br />
== Role of Financial control ==<br />
Among other things, Financial control main missions are to :<br />
<br />
* Monitor project costs and check whether the established objectives have been reached, highlighting any differences with respect to forecasts and identifying, if so, the causes of such deviations, and implementing corrective actions<br />
* Carrie out the reviews of the end-of-site forecasts;<br />
* Performs risk analysis;<br />
* Perform cash analysis and cash forecasts<br />
* Prepare monthly reporting<br />
<br />
== Steps of Financial control ==<br />
In order to produce the best monitoring, the cost controller must first:<br />
<br />
* Read carefully the contract (terms of payment, penalties, bank guarantees, insurances, etc.)<br />
* Understand the milestones and establish a cash-in follow up that will be revised monthly with the operational staff<br />
* Establish a client invoicing follow-up <br />
* Establish a bank guarantee follow-up<br />
* Establish an insurance follow-up<br />
* Understand perfectly the budget allowed to the project and set up a detailed budget breakdown with cost codes (cf '''''Cost Codes''''' section)<br />
* Create processes for Purchase Orders and a subcontractor follow-up (cf '''''Purchase Requisition Procedure''''' section)<br />
* Create a monthly monitoring framework (cf '''''Topsheet''''' section)<br />
<br />
=== Budget Breakdown and Monthly Reporting ===<br />
The production team responsible for the project is committed to forecasting end-of-work expenses that we can call the Objective. The Objective is an intangible reference which represents the common commitment of the production. Every month, the cost controller will compare the reality of expenditure to this initial forecast and present it on a topsheet. This reporting will make it possible to:<br />
<br />
* Know the results at the stage and at the end of the work<br />
* Compare achievements with forecasts<br />
* Appreciate the future trajectory by assessing the obstacles and risks<br />
* Decide on actions to influence the trajectory in order to achieve / improve the objectives set<br />
<br />
==== Cost Codes ====<br />
Once he possesses the budget breakdown, the cost controller needs to allocate each category of costs with an analytical code that will help him to allocate all the costs in front of the right budget. The breakdown can be more or less precise, depending on the level of cost analysis desired. An example of the breakdown is given on the right:<br />
[[File:Cost codes.png|thumb|Cost code example]]<br />
<br />
<br />
==== Topsheet ====<br />
The topsheet is the main document of the monthly reporting = it synthetizes the results at the stage and at the end of the works and compares it with the budget.<br />
<br />
It gathers all the costs, here is an example of a topsheet for the follow up of a solar project:<br />
[[File:Topsheet.png|center|thumb|532x532px|Topsheet example]]<br />
<br />
==== Purchase Requisition Procedure ====<br />
<br />
===== Overall Process Summary =====<br />
[[File:PR process.png|center|thumb|605x605px]]<br />
<br />
===== Example of a Purchase Requisition Form =====<br />
[[File:PR template.png|center|alt=|frameless|471x471px]]<br />
[[File:PR template 2.png|center|thumb|962x962px]]<br />
<br />
<br />
Tracking Follow up Example <br />
[[File:PR tracker.png|center|thumb|454x454px]] <br />
<br />
== Risks & Opportunities ==<br />
Some costs or incomes might not be certain (work progress may vary depending on the rain, on the breakdown of a machine...) which would impact the end of work forecast. So, it is important to have a follow up of those risks and opportunities that need to be revised monthly with operational staff in order to avoid bad surprises at some point in time.<br />
<br />
Once all the processes are properly set up, the management controller can get down to his main mission which is data analysis, alerting, optimization of expenses and, if necessary, implementing corrective actions to solve deviations.<br />
<br />
== Performance management ==<br />
The cost controller is responsible for interpreting and evaluating business activity to allow the monitoring of performance. He:<br />
<br />
* Determines areas of optimization and helps operational managers in their decision-making<br />
* Support operational staff in their development projects<br />
* Anticipates drifts, alerts operational staff and recommends corrective actions<br />
* Sets up tools for controlling and monitoring actions and measures the effects<br />
<br />
For example, one of the main sources of expenditure is labor. The cost controller must analyze hirings and departures on a monthly basis. He must check if all of them have been planned and if not why they are necessary. Labor must be related to the pace of work. For this, the manager must work with the operational teams to determine the remaining work to be done and what manpower is needed for this. In this example it is important for the cost controller to visit the site regularly in order to sensitize the teams if staff are underutilized.<br />
<br />
His on-site visits also allow him to check, for example, the rate at which small tools or HQSE equipment is used and whether he needs to review his expenditure budgets.<br />
<br />
Making engineers and site managers aware of the expenses and sensitize them about importance of cost management gives momentum to the project and allows everyone to look in the same direction in order to get the project out in the best possible way.<br />
<br />
=== Monthly cost control review ===<br />
Goals:<br />
<br />
* Analyze figures<br />
* Inform teams<br />
* Learn lessons<br />
<br />
It is a time for dialogue, discussion and exchanges between the production manager and his hierarchy. <br />
<br />
It results in practical decisions, corrective measure if necessary, and actions follow-up.<br />
<br />
== Free Template ==<br />
If you're still here, you disearved it : Here is a template of cost control sheet. <br />
<br />
'''<u>// Will be uploaded very soon.</u>'''</div>HKhttps://wiki-solar.com/index.php?title=Financial_control&diff=266Financial control2021-05-04T07:20:08Z<p>HK: </p>
<hr />
<div>== Why Financial control ? ==<br />
The key factors of profitability are managing your income and controlling and forecasting expenses. Therefore, having a good financial control of your project is necessary. It is then recommended to have a cost controller on the project who will monitor the performance of the project and provide the economic and financial indicators to analyze the operational and strategic management of the project.<br />
<br />
== Budget lifetime ==<br />
On a financial point of view, a budget lifetime can be split in three phases : <br />
<br />
# Tender : Budget estimation & negociations<br />
# Work execution : Expenses control as per the initial budget<br />
# Operation & Maintenance : O&M Expenses and Asset performance controls as per initial cash flow prediction<br />
<br />
[[File:Financial control steps.png|center|thumb|561x561px|Budget phases]]<br />
<br />
==== Tender & Commercial phase ====<br />
From the early stage of the project, until the project is signed on a agreed budget and the Contract enter into force.<br />
<br />
During this phase, main goals are to :<br />
<br />
* Estimate properly the project cost, including potential risks of non forecasted expenses<br />
* Run cash flow and profitability analysis depending on the energy production estimation and business model<br />
* Optimize & Negotiate with project stakeholders to agree on a final price for the project<br />
<br />
==== Work execution phase ====<br />
This phase last from the entry into force of the contract until finilization of the work, including commissionning and client reception. <br />
<br />
Cost of the project has already been agreed with projects stakeholders, hence the main goal during this phase is to monitor all the expenses and forecast the end of project budget.<br />
<br />
This phase is called '''Financial control''' or '''Cost control''' and aim is to provide to the project manager the knowledge of where will end the project. Same apply for the planning. <br />
<br />
==== O&M phase ====<br />
Similarly to the construction / execution phase, Financial control during O&M is needed in order to : <br />
<br />
* Control O&M expenses to stay within the budgeted O&M costs<br />
* Perform effective cash flow analysis (Income & Expenses) between what was initially forecasted before project launch, and real figures<br />
<br />
== Role of Financial control ==<br />
Among other things, Financial control main missions are to :<br />
<br />
* Monitor project costs and check whether the established objectives have been reached, highlighting any differences with respect to forecasts and identifying, if so, the causes of such deviations, and implementing corrective actions<br />
* Carrie out the reviews of the end-of-site forecasts;<br />
* Performs risk analysis;<br />
* Perform cash analysis and cash forecasts<br />
* Prepare monthly reporting<br />
<br />
== Steps of Financial control ==<br />
In order to produce the best monitoring, the cost controller must first:<br />
<br />
* Read carefully the contract (terms of payment, penalties, bank guarantees, insurances, etc.)<br />
* Understand the milestones and establish a cash-in follow up that will be revised monthly with the operational staff<br />
* Establish a client invoicing follow-up <br />
* Establish a bank guarantee follow-up<br />
* Establish an insurance follow-up<br />
* Understand perfectly the budget allowed to the project and set up a detailed budget breakdown with cost codes (cf '''''Cost Codes''''' section)<br />
* Create processes for Purchase Orders and a subcontractor follow-up (cf '''''Purchase Requisition Procedure''''' section)<br />
* Create a monthly monitoring framework (cf '''''Topsheet''''' section)<br />
<br />
=== Budget Breakdown and Monthly Reporting ===<br />
The production team responsible for the project is committed to forecasting end-of-work expenses that we can call the Objective. The Objective is an intangible reference which represents the common commitment of the production. Every month, the cost controller will compare the reality of expenditure to this initial forecast and present it on a topsheet. This reporting will make it possible to:<br />
<br />
* Know the results at the stage and at the end of the work<br />
* Compare achievements with forecasts<br />
* Appreciate the future trajectory by assessing the obstacles and risks<br />
* Decide on actions to influence the trajectory in order to achieve / improve the objectives set<br />
<br />
==== Cost Codes ====<br />
Once he possesses the budget breakdown, the cost controller needs to allocate each category of costs with an analytical code that will help him to allocate all the costs in front of the right budget. The breakdown can be more or less precise, depending on the level of cost analysis desired. An example of the breakdown is given on the right:<br />
[[File:Cost codes.png|thumb|Cost code example]]<br />
<br />
<br />
==== Topsheet ====<br />
The topsheet is the main document of the monthly reporting = it synthetizes the results at the stage and at the end of the works and compares it with the budget.<br />
<br />
It gathers all the costs, here is an example of a topsheet for the follow up of a solar project:<br />
[[File:Topsheet.png|center|thumb|532x532px|Topsheet example]]<br />
<br />
==== Purchase Requisition Procedure ====<br />
<br />
===== Overall Process Summary =====<br />
[[File:PR process.png|center|thumb|605x605px]]<br />
<br />
===== Example of a Purchase Requisition Form =====<br />
[[File:PR template.png|center|thumb|alt=]]<br />
[[File:PR template 2.png|center|thumb|962x962px]]<br />
<br />
<br />
Tracking Follow up Example <br />
[[File:PR tracker.png|center|thumb|454x454px]] <br />
<br />
== Risks & Opportunities ==<br />
Some costs or incomes might not be certain (work progress may vary depending on the rain, on the breakdown of a machine...) which would impact the end of work forecast. So, it is important to have a follow up of those risks and opportunities that need to be revised monthly with operational staff in order to avoid bad surprises at some point in time.<br />
<br />
Once all the processes are properly set up, the management controller can get down to his main mission which is data analysis, alerting, optimization of expenses and, if necessary, implementing corrective actions to solve deviations.<br />
<br />
== Performance management ==<br />
The cost controller is responsible for interpreting and evaluating business activity to allow the monitoring of performance. He:<br />
<br />
* Determines areas of optimization and helps operational managers in their decision-making<br />
* Support operational staff in their development projects<br />
* Anticipates drifts, alerts operational staff and recommends corrective actions<br />
* Sets up tools for controlling and monitoring actions and measures the effects<br />
<br />
For example, one of the main sources of expenditure is labor. The cost controller must analyze hirings and departures on a monthly basis. He must check if all of them have been planned and if not why they are necessary. Labor must be related to the pace of work. For this, the manager must work with the operational teams to determine the remaining work to be done and what manpower is needed for this. In this example it is important for the cost controller to visit the site regularly in order to sensitize the teams if staff are underutilized.<br />
<br />
His on-site visits also allow him to check, for example, the rate at which small tools or HQSE equipment is used and whether he needs to review his expenditure budgets.<br />
<br />
Making engineers and site managers aware of the expenses and sensitize them about importance of cost management gives momentum to the project and allows everyone to look in the same direction in order to get the project out in the best possible way.<br />
<br />
=== Monthly cost control review ===<br />
Goals:<br />
<br />
* Analyze figures<br />
* Inform teams<br />
* Learn lessons<br />
<br />
It is a time for dialogue, discussion and exchanges between the production manager and his hierarchy. <br />
<br />
It results in practical decisions, corrective measure if necessary, and actions follow-up.<br />
<br />
== Free Template ==<br />
If you're still here, you disearved it : Here is a template of cost control sheet. <br />
<br />
'''<u>// Will be uploaded very soon.</u>'''</div>HKhttps://wiki-solar.com/index.php?title=File:PR_template_2.png&diff=265File:PR template 2.png2021-05-04T07:18:55Z<p>HK: </p>
<hr />
<div>PR template 2</div>HKhttps://wiki-solar.com/index.php?title=Project_management&diff=264Project management2021-05-04T07:17:09Z<p>HK: </p>
<hr />
<div>Each project or task of a project is defined by 3 elements : <br />
<br />
# Quality : What you do, all the technical aspects, and most of the WikiSolar articles are dedicated to help you in how to do build properly a solar project<br />
# Cost aka Budget <br />
# Timeline<br />
<br />
To perform in a project or a task, these elements should be every time considered and monitored. <br />
<br />
As the aim of WikiSolar is to provide explanations and tools to perform in all aspects needed, here are some articles dedicated to the project, budget and planning management. <br />
<br />
== Articles ==<br />
* Project stakeholders<br />
* Project steps<br />
* [[Financial control|Budget & Financial control]]<br />
* Planning</div>HKhttps://wiki-solar.com/index.php?title=MediaWiki:Sidebar&diff=263MediaWiki:Sidebar2021-05-04T07:16:24Z<p>HK: </p>
<hr />
<div><br />
* Navigate<br />
** mainpage|Homepage<br />
* Menu<br />
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** PV_components|Components<br />
** PV_systems|PV systems<br />
** engineering|Engineering<br />
**Installation|Installation<br />
**engineering|Quality & Commissioning<br />
**Operation_&_Maintenance|Operation & Maintenance<br />
**Project_management|Project Management<br />
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* LANGUAGES</div>HKhttps://wiki-solar.com/index.php?title=Project_management&diff=262Project management2021-05-04T07:15:19Z<p>HK: HK moved page Project methodology to Project management without leaving a redirect: More appropriate</p>
<hr />
<div>Here is the Heading page for all WikiSolar articles linked to project management and methology of work. <br />
<br />
== Project Management ==<br />
Each project or task of a project is defined by 3 elements : <br />
<br />
# Quality : What you do, all the technical aspects, and most of the WikiSolar articles are dedicated to help you in how to do build properly a solar project<br />
# Cost aka Budget <br />
# Timeline<br />
<br />
To perform in a project or a task, these elements should be every time considered and monitored. <br />
<br />
As the aim of WikiSolar is to provide explanations and tools to perform in all aspects needed, here are some articles dedicated to the project, budget and planning management. <br />
<br />
== Articles ==<br />
* Project stakeholders<br />
* Project steps<br />
* Project Management<br />
* [[Financial control|Budget & Financial control]]<br />
* Planning</div>HKhttps://wiki-solar.com/index.php?title=Main_Page&diff=261Main Page2021-05-04T07:13:56Z<p>HK: </p>
<hr />
<div>{{DISPLAYTITLE:<span style="position: absolute; clip: rect(1px 1px 1px 1px); clip: rect(1px, 1px, 1px, 1px);">{{FULLPAGENAME}}</span>}}<br />
=Welcome to WikiSolar !=<br />
{{#seo:|title=WikiSolar Homepage|keywords=wikisolar, wiki solar,|description=Everything you need to know about Solar Projects and Engineering !}}Everything you need to know about Solar Projects and Engineering ! <br />
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Here, all the concepts of PV systems are explained and illustrated in a pragmatic way as we use them in the all-day life of solar industry projects.<br />
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This website covers or will soon cover, the main components of PV systems, main architectures, engineering guidelines, as well as safety guidelines and best practises during and after installation. <br />
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We provide free drawings and templates in their raw format to help you on your projects.<div style="clear: both;"></div><br />
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<!-- Line 2 - Sizing --> <br />
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<h3>[[File:Square-root-of-x-math-formula.png|frameless|40x40px|link=Special:FilePath/Square-root-of-x-math-formula.png]] [[Engineering|Sizing]]</h3><br />
<div id="mainpage-devs" title="Developers" class="items"><br />
*[[Standards|International Standards applicable to Solar Industry]]<br />
*Sizing of PV array and PV inverters<br />
*[[Cable sizing]]<br />
*Sizing of protection devices<br />
*Sizing of Offgrid / Hybrid systems<br />
*Selection and sizing of mounting system<br />
*Civil Engineering for Solar projects<br />
*Safety in Design<br />
*Energy Efficiency <br />
</div><br />
</div><br />
<!-- Line 2 - Tools & Templates --><br />
<div class="mainpage_box"><br />
<h3>[[File:Layout(1).png|alt=|frameless|40x40px]] [[Engineering|Tools & Templates]]</h3><br />
<div id="mainpage-devs" title="Developers" class="items"><br />
*[[Autocad tips|Everything about Autocad]]<br />
*Layout drawings<br />
*Electrical Drawings<br />
*Mechanical drawings<br />
*Energy production estimation tools<br />
*PV & Battery capacity sizing tools<br />
*Cable sizing tools<br />
</div><br />
</div><br />
<br />
</div><br />
<!-- Line 3 - Construction & O&M --><br />
<div id="audiences" class="mainpage_row"><br />
<!-- Line 3 - Installation / Construction --><br />
<div class="mainpage_box"><br />
<h3> [[File:Wrench.png|frameless|40x40px|link=Special:FilePath/Wrench.png]] <span>[[Installation]]</span></h3><br />
<div id="mainpage-users" title="Users" class="items"><br />
*Risk analysis<br />
*Installation safety<br />
**Working at high<br />
**Working on powered systems<br />
*General good practices<br />
</div><br />
</div><br />
<br />
<!-- Line 3 - Commissioning --><br />
<div class="mainpage_box"><br />
<h3>[[File:Quality.png|alt=|frameless|40x40px]] [[Engineering|Quality & Commissioning]]</h3><br />
<div id="mainpage-devs" title="Developers" class="items"><br />
*Quality Management<br />
*Commissioning steps<br />
</div><br />
</div><br />
<br />
<!-- Line 3 - O&M --><br />
<div class="mainpage_box"><br />
<h3>[[File:Renovation.png|frameless|40x40px|link=Special:FilePath/Renovation.png]] [[Operation & Maintenance]]</h3><span style="display:none"></span><div id="mainpage-devs" title="Developers" class="items"><br />
*Main indicators to follow<br />
*Pr<span style="display:none"></span>eventive maintenance <br />
*Co<span style="display:none"></span>rrective maintenance<br />
</div><br />
</div><br />
</div><br />
<br />
<!-- Line 4 - Project --><br />
<div id="audiences" class="mainpage_row"><br />
<!-- Line 4 - Project Methodology --><br />
<div class="mainpage_box"><br />
<h3> [[File:Solution.png|alt=|frameless|40x40px]] <span>[[Project management|Project Management]]</span></h3><br />
<div id="mainpage-users" title="Users" class="items"><br />
*Project stakeholders<br />
*Project steps<br />
*[[Financial control|Budget & Financial control]]<br />
*Planning<br />
<br />
</div><br />
</div><br />
<br />
<!-- Line 4 - Economics --><br />
<div class="mainpage_box"><br />
<h3>[[File:Dollar.png|alt=|frameless|40x40px]] [[Economics]]</h3><br />
<div id="mainpage-devs" title="Developers" class="items"><br />
*Key elements : CAPEX, OPEX, LCOE<br />
*LCOE<br />
*Profitability calculations<br />
*Budget & Project Pricing<br />
</div><br />
</div><br />
<br />
<!-- Line 4 - For Later use --><br />
<div class="mainpage_box"><br />
<h3>[[File:Renovation.png|frameless|40x40px|link=Special:FilePath/Renovation.png]] [[TBD|For later use]] </h3><span style="display:none"></span><div id="mainpage-devs" title="Developers" class="items"><br />
*<br />
</div><br />
</div><br />
</div><br />
<!-- Template new row --><br />
<!-- <br />
<div id="audiences" class="mainpage_row"><br />
<div class="mainpage_box"><br />
<h3> [[File:Wrench.png|frameless|40x40px|link=Special:FilePath/Wrench.png]] <span>[[Installation]]</span></h3><br />
<div id="mainpage-users" title="Users" class="items"><br />
*Article 1 <br />
*Article 2<br />
</div><br />
</div><br />
--><br />
<br />
<!-- Template box --><br />
<!--<br />
<div class="mainpage_box"><br />
<h3> [[File:Wrench.png|frameless|40x40px|link=Special:FilePath/Wrench.png]] <span>[[Project_methodology|Project Methodology]]</span></h3><br />
<div id="mainpage-users" title="Users" class="items"><br />
*Project stakeholders<br />
*Project steps<br />
**Survey<br />
**Basic Engineering<br />
*Project Management<br />
</div><br />
</div><br />
--><br />
== About the WikiSolar team ==<br />
WikiSolar is a place where you can find everything you need to know to build Solar Projects accross the world.<br />
<br />
This website is done by people working in the Solar and Renewable industry, working from small home systems, microgrid, and up to the biggest Solar Farms. The only goal is to make Solar projects development, design, installation and commissioning, easy and accessible to anyone around the world.<br />
<br />
We are convinced that today and at our small level, the most effective action to counter global warming is to share our knowledge so that the entire solar industry can improve and grow together. We believe that there will be enough opportunities in the world in the years to come that it is not necessary to hide knowledge in order to be more competitive than another company. Improvement of entire solar industry will increase the credibility of the sector which will benefit us all.<br />
<br />
Anyone can edit or create new pages on wikisolar, so if you think you can improve a page or speak about a useful topic, dont hesitate to click on "edit" on the top right. If you want to be part of the discussions of the Wikisolar team, just send a mail using the [[Special:Contact|contact page]]. Nothing to earn except the personal fulfillment of knowing that you are helping someone in the world.<br />
<br />
<div id="misc-news" class="mainpage_row"><br />
<div class="mainpage_box"><br />
<h3><span>Get help and contribute</span></h3><br />
<div id="mainpage-help-contribute&quot;" title="Support and Contributing" class="items"><br />
*[[How to use WikiSolar|How to use WikiSolar (Ad]]<span style="display:none"></span><span style="display:none"></span>[[How to use WikiSolar|d / Modify articles)]]<br />
*[[Special:AllPages|All WikiSolar pages]]<br />
*[[Special:NewPages|L]]<span style="display:none"></span><span style="display:none"></span>[[Special:NewPages|atest new articles]]<br />
*[[Special:Log|A]]<span style="display:none"></span><span style="display:none"></span>[[Special:Log|ll latest modifications]]<span style="display:none"></span><span style="display:none"></span><br />
*[[WikiSolar:About|About the WikiSolar team]]<span style="display:none"></span><span style="display:none"></span><span style="display:none"></span><span style="display:none"></span><br />
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<h3><span>News</span></h3><br />
<div id="mainpage-news" title="News" class="items"><br />
<div style="margin: auto; vertical-align:top; text-align:left"><br />
;2020-11-22<br />
:The Solar Univeristy becomes WikiSolar and use the wikipedia template<div class="mainpage_boxcontents_small"><br />
;2020-04-18<br />
:https://solar-university.com is officially launched !<br />
<br />
;2019-12<br />
:A team of solar engineers are joining forces to create "The Solar Univeristy"</div><br />
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<br />
==Would like to contribute ?==<br />
At WikiSolar, we are not looking for money, all the articles are written voluntarily by people all around the world : Australia, Nigeria, France… and the running cost are beared by the site creator. <br />
<br />
All the people from this community believe that sharing the knowledge about Solar Projects is the best way to have leverage the energy transition. The content of this website is tailored in a way that engineers, installers, project developers can learn, ask questions and also contribute to existing and new topics. <br />
<br />
If you can improve some article, just click on edit on the top right corner, no need to be logged in, you can just modify any article. <br />
<br />
If there is any topic you want to see or if you are ready to write or correct a page, you’re more than welcome to join the team ! Just write few words in the discussion tab or use the [[Special:Contact|contact form.]] <br />
<br />
Everything about how to use and work with WikiSolar is explained here : [[How to use WikiSolar]]<br />
<br />
==Copyright==<br />
No Copyright here - Take everything you need !<br />
<br />
Knowledge shared here is based on international standards ; Local and all applicable standards for every region may however not be covered.<br />
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__NOEDITSECTION____NOTOC__<br />
{{DEFAULTSORT:Home}}</div>HKhttps://wiki-solar.com/index.php?title=MediaWiki:Sidebar&diff=260MediaWiki:Sidebar2021-05-03T07:07:25Z<p>HK: </p>
<hr />
<div><br />
* Navigate<br />
** mainpage|Homepage<br />
* Menu<br />
** PV_knowledge|PV knowledge<br />
** PV_components|Components<br />
** PV_systems|PV systems<br />
** engineering|Engineering<br />
**Installation|Installation<br />
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**Operation_&_Maintenance|Operation & Maintenance<br />
**Project_methodology|Project Methodology<br />
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* LANGUAGES</div>HKhttps://wiki-solar.com/index.php?title=Project_management&diff=259Project management2021-05-03T07:05:08Z<p>HK: v0</p>
<hr />
<div>Here is the Heading page for all WikiSolar articles linked to project management and methology of work. <br />
<br />
== Project Management ==<br />
Each project or task of a project is defined by 3 elements : <br />
<br />
# Quality : What you do, all the technical aspects, and most of the WikiSolar articles are dedicated to help you in how to do build properly a solar project<br />
# Cost aka Budget <br />
# Timeline<br />
<br />
To perform in a project or a task, these elements should be every time considered and monitored. <br />
<br />
As the aim of WikiSolar is to provide explanations and tools to perform in all aspects needed, here are some articles dedicated to the project, budget and planning management. <br />
<br />
== Articles ==<br />
* Project stakeholders<br />
* Project steps<br />
* Project Management<br />
* [[Financial control|Budget & Financial control]]<br />
* Planning</div>HKhttps://wiki-solar.com/index.php?title=Financial_control&diff=258Financial control2021-05-03T06:48:27Z<p>HK: </p>
<hr />
<div>== Why Financial control ? ==<br />
The key factors of profitability are managing your income and controlling and forecasting expenses. Therefore, having a good financial control of your project is necessary. It is then recommended to have a cost controller on the project who will monitor the performance of the project and provide the economic and financial indicators to analyze the operational and strategic management of the project.<br />
<br />
== Budget lifetime ==<br />
On a financial point of view, a budget lifetime can be split in three phases : <br />
<br />
# Tender : Budget estimation & negociations<br />
# Work execution : Expenses control as per the initial budget<br />
# Operation & Maintenance : O&M Expenses and Asset performance controls as per initial cash flow prediction<br />
<br />
[[File:Financial control steps.png|center|thumb|561x561px|Budget phases]]<br />
<br />
==== Tender & Commercial phase ====<br />
From the early stage of the project, until the project is signed on a agreed budget and the Contract enter into force.<br />
<br />
During this phase, main goals are to :<br />
<br />
* Estimate properly the project cost, including potential risks of non forecasted expenses<br />
* Run cash flow and profitability analysis depending on the energy production estimation and business model<br />
* Optimize & Negotiate with project stakeholders to agree on a final price for the project<br />
<br />
==== Work execution phase ====<br />
This phase last from the entry into force of the contract until finilization of the work, including commissionning and client reception. <br />
<br />
Cost of the project has already been agreed with projects stakeholders, hence the main goal during this phase is to monitor all the expenses and forecast the end of project budget.<br />
<br />
This phase is called '''Financial control''' or '''Cost control''' and aim is to provide to the project manager the knowledge of where will end the project. Same apply for the planning. <br />
<br />
==== O&M phase ====<br />
Similarly to the construction / execution phase, Financial control during O&M is needed in order to : <br />
<br />
* Control O&M expenses to stay within the budgeted O&M costs<br />
* Perform effective cash flow analysis (Income & Expenses) between what was initially forecasted before project launch, and real figures<br />
<br />
== Role of Financial control ==<br />
Among other things, Financial control main missions are to :<br />
<br />
* Monitor project costs and check whether the established objectives have been reached, highlighting any differences with respect to forecasts and identifying, if so, the causes of such deviations, and implementing corrective actions<br />
* Carrie out the reviews of the end-of-site forecasts;<br />
* Performs risk analysis;<br />
* Perform cash analysis and cash forecasts<br />
* Prepare monthly reporting<br />
<br />
== Steps of Financial control ==<br />
In order to produce the best monitoring, the cost controller must first:<br />
<br />
* Read carefully the contract (terms of payment, penalties, bank guarantees, insurances, etc.)<br />
* Understand the milestones and establish a cash-in follow up that will be revised monthly with the operational staff<br />
* Establish a client invoicing follow-up <br />
* Establish a bank guarantee follow-up<br />
* Establish an insurance follow-up<br />
* Understand perfectly the budget allowed to the project and set up a detailed budget breakdown with cost codes (cf '''''Cost Codes''''' section)<br />
* Create processes for Purchase Orders and a subcontractor follow-up (cf '''''Purchase Requisition Procedure''''' section)<br />
* Create a monthly monitoring framework (cf '''''Topsheet''''' section)<br />
<br />
=== Budget Breakdown and Monthly Reporting ===<br />
The production team responsible for the project is committed to forecasting end-of-work expenses that we can call the Objective. The Objective is an intangible reference which represents the common commitment of the production. Every month, the cost controller will compare the reality of expenditure to this initial forecast and present it on a topsheet. This reporting will make it possible to:<br />
<br />
* Know the results at the stage and at the end of the work<br />
* Compare achievements with forecasts<br />
* Appreciate the future trajectory by assessing the obstacles and risks<br />
* Decide on actions to influence the trajectory in order to achieve / improve the objectives set<br />
<br />
==== Cost Codes ====<br />
Once he possesses the budget breakdown, the cost controller needs to allocate each category of costs with an analytical code that will help him to allocate all the costs in front of the right budget. The breakdown can be more or less precise, depending on the level of cost analysis desired. An example of the breakdown is given on the right:<br />
[[File:Cost codes.png|thumb|Cost code example]]<br />
<br />
<br />
==== Topsheet ====<br />
The topsheet is the main document of the monthly reporting = it synthetizes the results at the stage and at the end of the works and compares it with the budget.<br />
<br />
It gathers all the costs, here is an example of a topsheet for the follow up of a solar project:<br />
[[File:Topsheet.png|center|thumb|532x532px|Topsheet example]]<br />
<br />
==== Purchase Requisition Procedure ====<br />
<br />
===== Overall Process Summary =====<br />
[[File:PR process.png|center|thumb|605x605px]]<br />
<br />
===== Example of a Purchase Requisition Form =====<br />
[[File:PR template.png|center|thumb|471x471px]]<br />
<br />
<br />
Tracking Follow up Example <br />
[[File:PR tracker.png|center|thumb|454x454px]] <br />
<br />
== Risks & Opportunities ==<br />
Some costs or incomes might not be certain (work progress may vary depending on the rain, on the breakdown of a machine...) which would impact the end of work forecast. So, it is important to have a follow up of those risks and opportunities that need to be revised monthly with operational staff in order to avoid bad surprises at some point in time.<br />
<br />
Once all the processes are properly set up, the management controller can get down to his main mission which is data analysis, alerting, optimization of expenses and, if necessary, implementing corrective actions to solve deviations.<br />
<br />
== Performance management ==<br />
The cost controller is responsible for interpreting and evaluating business activity to allow the monitoring of performance. He:<br />
<br />
* Determines areas of optimization and helps operational managers in their decision-making<br />
* Support operational staff in their development projects<br />
* Anticipates drifts, alerts operational staff and recommends corrective actions<br />
* Sets up tools for controlling and monitoring actions and measures the effects<br />
<br />
For example, one of the main sources of expenditure is labor. The cost controller must analyze hirings and departures on a monthly basis. He must check if all of them have been planned and if not why they are necessary. Labor must be related to the pace of work. For this, the manager must work with the operational teams to determine the remaining work to be done and what manpower is needed for this. In this example it is important for the cost controller to visit the site regularly in order to sensitize the teams if staff are underutilized.<br />
<br />
His on-site visits also allow him to check, for example, the rate at which small tools or HQSE equipment is used and whether he needs to review his expenditure budgets.<br />
<br />
Making engineers and site managers aware of the expenses and sensitize them about importance of cost management gives momentum to the project and allows everyone to look in the same direction in order to get the project out in the best possible way.<br />
<br />
=== Monthly cost control review ===<br />
Goals:<br />
<br />
* Analyze figures<br />
* Inform teams<br />
* Learn lessons<br />
<br />
It is a time for dialogue, discussion and exchanges between the production manager and his hierarchy. <br />
<br />
It results in practical decisions, corrective measure if necessary, and actions follow-up.<br />
<br />
== Free Template ==<br />
If you're still here, you disearved it : Here is a template of cost control sheet. <br />
<br />
'''<u>// Will be uploaded very soon.</u>'''</div>HKhttps://wiki-solar.com/index.php?title=Financial_control&diff=257Financial control2021-05-03T06:48:07Z<p>HK: update</p>
<hr />
<div>== Why Financial control ? ==<br />
The key factors of profitability are managing your income and controlling and forecasting expenses. Therefore, having a good financial control of your project is necessary. It is then recommended to have a cost controller on the project who will monitor the performance of the project and provide the economic and financial indicators to analyze the operational and strategic management of the project.<br />
<br />
== Budget lifetime ==<br />
On a financial point of view, a budget lifetime can be split in three phases : <br />
<br />
# Tender : Budget estimation & negociations<br />
# Work execution : Expenses control as per the initial budget<br />
# Operation & Maintenance : O&M Expenses and Asset performance controls as per initial cash flow prediction<br />
<br />
[[File:Financial control steps.png|center|thumb|561x561px|Budget phases]]<br />
<br />
==== '''Tender & Commercial phase''' ====<br />
From the early stage of the project, until the project is signed on a agreed budget and the Contract enter into force.<br />
<br />
During this phase, main goals are to :<br />
<br />
* Estimate properly the project cost, including potential risks of non forecasted expenses<br />
* Run cash flow and profitability analysis depending on the energy production estimation and business model<br />
* Optimize & Negotiate with project stakeholders to agree on a final price for the project<br />
<br />
==== '''Work execution phase''' ====<br />
This phase last from the entry into force of the contract until finilization of the work, including commissionning and client reception. <br />
<br />
Cost of the project has already been agreed with projects stakeholders, hence the main goal during this phase is to monitor all the expenses and forecast the end of project budget.<br />
<br />
This phase is called '''Financial control''' or '''Cost control''' and aim is to provide to the project manager the knowledge of where will end the project. Same apply for the planning. <br />
<br />
==== O&M phase ====<br />
Similarly to the construction / execution phase, Financial control during O&M is needed in order to : <br />
<br />
* Control O&M expenses to stay within the budgeted O&M costs<br />
* Perform effective cash flow analysis (Income & Expenses) between what was initially forecasted before project launch, and real figures<br />
<br />
== Role of Financial control ==<br />
Among other things, Financial control main missions are to :<br />
<br />
* Monitor project costs and check whether the established objectives have been reached, highlighting any differences with respect to forecasts and identifying, if so, the causes of such deviations, and implementing corrective actions<br />
* Carrie out the reviews of the end-of-site forecasts;<br />
* Performs risk analysis;<br />
* Perform cash analysis and cash forecasts<br />
* Prepare monthly reporting<br />
<br />
== Steps of Financial control ==<br />
In order to produce the best monitoring, the cost controller must first:<br />
<br />
* Read carefully the contract (terms of payment, penalties, bank guarantees, insurances, etc.)<br />
* Understand the milestones and establish a cash-in follow up that will be revised monthly with the operational staff<br />
* Establish a client invoicing follow-up <br />
* Establish a bank guarantee follow-up<br />
* Establish an insurance follow-up<br />
* Understand perfectly the budget allowed to the project and set up a detailed budget breakdown with cost codes (cf '''''Cost Codes''''' section)<br />
* Create processes for Purchase Orders and a subcontractor follow-up (cf '''''Purchase Requisition Procedure''''' section)<br />
* Create a monthly monitoring framework (cf '''''Topsheet''''' section)<br />
<br />
=== Budget Breakdown and Monthly Reporting ===<br />
The production team responsible for the project is committed to forecasting end-of-work expenses that we can call the Objective. The Objective is an intangible reference which represents the common commitment of the production. Every month, the cost controller will compare the reality of expenditure to this initial forecast and present it on a topsheet. This reporting will make it possible to:<br />
<br />
* Know the results at the stage and at the end of the work<br />
* Compare achievements with forecasts<br />
* Appreciate the future trajectory by assessing the obstacles and risks<br />
* Decide on actions to influence the trajectory in order to achieve / improve the objectives set<br />
<br />
==== Cost Codes ====<br />
Once he possesses the budget breakdown, the cost controller needs to allocate each category of costs with an analytical code that will help him to allocate all the costs in front of the right budget. The breakdown can be more or less precise, depending on the level of cost analysis desired. An example of the breakdown is given on the right:<br />
[[File:Cost codes.png|thumb|Cost code example]]<br />
<br />
<br />
==== Topsheet ====<br />
The topsheet is the main document of the monthly reporting = it synthetizes the results at the stage and at the end of the works and compares it with the budget.<br />
<br />
It gathers all the costs, here is an example of a topsheet for the follow up of a solar project:<br />
[[File:Topsheet.png|center|thumb|532x532px|Topsheet example]]<br />
<br />
==== Purchase Requisition Procedure ====<br />
<br />
===== Overall Process Summary =====<br />
[[File:PR process.png|center|thumb|605x605px]]<br />
<br />
===== Example of a Purchase Requisition Form =====<br />
[[File:PR template.png|center|thumb|471x471px]]<br />
<br />
<br />
Tracking Follow up Example <br />
[[File:PR tracker.png|center|thumb|454x454px]] <br />
<br />
== Risks & Opportunities ==<br />
Some costs or incomes might not be certain (work progress may vary depending on the rain, on the breakdown of a machine...) which would impact the end of work forecast. So, it is important to have a follow up of those risks and opportunities that need to be revised monthly with operational staff in order to avoid bad surprises at some point in time.<br />
<br />
Once all the processes are properly set up, the management controller can get down to his main mission which is data analysis, alerting, optimization of expenses and, if necessary, implementing corrective actions to solve deviations.<br />
<br />
== Performance management ==<br />
The cost controller is responsible for interpreting and evaluating business activity to allow the monitoring of performance. He:<br />
<br />
* Determines areas of optimization and helps operational managers in their decision-making<br />
* Support operational staff in their development projects<br />
* Anticipates drifts, alerts operational staff and recommends corrective actions<br />
* Sets up tools for controlling and monitoring actions and measures the effects<br />
<br />
For example, one of the main sources of expenditure is labor. The cost controller must analyze hirings and departures on a monthly basis. He must check if all of them have been planned and if not why they are necessary. Labor must be related to the pace of work. For this, the manager must work with the operational teams to determine the remaining work to be done and what manpower is needed for this. In this example it is important for the cost controller to visit the site regularly in order to sensitize the teams if staff are underutilized.<br />
<br />
His on-site visits also allow him to check, for example, the rate at which small tools or HQSE equipment is used and whether he needs to review his expenditure budgets.<br />
<br />
Making engineers and site managers aware of the expenses and sensitize them about importance of cost management gives momentum to the project and allows everyone to look in the same direction in order to get the project out in the best possible way.<br />
<br />
=== Monthly cost control review ===<br />
Goals:<br />
<br />
* Analyze figures<br />
* Inform teams<br />
* Learn lessons<br />
<br />
It is a time for dialogue, discussion and exchanges between the production manager and his hierarchy. <br />
<br />
It results in practical decisions, corrective measure if necessary, and actions follow-up.<br />
<br />
== Free Template ==<br />
If you're still here, you disearved it : Here is a template of cost control sheet. <br />
<br />
'''<u>// Will be uploaded very soon.</u>'''</div>HKhttps://wiki-solar.com/index.php?title=File:Financial_control_steps.png&diff=256File:Financial control steps.png2021-05-03T05:56:44Z<p>HK: </p>
<hr />
<div>Financial control steps</div>HKhttps://wiki-solar.com/index.php?title=Financial_control&diff=255Financial control2021-05-03T05:51:02Z<p>HK: </p>
<hr />
<div>The key factors of profitability are managing your income and controlling and forecasting expenses. Therefore, having a good financial control of your project is necessary. It is then recommended to have a cost controller on the project who will monitor de performance of the project and provide the economic and financial indicators to analyze the operational and strategic management of the project. <br />
<br />
== Role of Financial control ==<br />
Among other things, Financial control main missions are to :<br />
<br />
* Monitor project costs and check whether the established objectives have been reached, highlighting any differences with respect to forecasts and identifying, if so, the causes of such deviations, and implementing corrective actions<br />
* Carrie out the reviews of the end-of-site forecasts;<br />
* Performs risk analysis;<br />
* Perform cash analysis and cash forecasts<br />
* Prepare monthly reporting<br />
<br />
== Steps of Financial control ==<br />
In order to produce the best monitoring, the cost controller must first:<br />
<br />
* Read carefully the contract (terms of payment, penalties, bank guarantees, insurances, etc.)<br />
* Understand the milestones and establish a cash-in follow up that will be revised monthly with the operational staff<br />
* Establish a client invoicing follow-up <br />
* Establish a bank guarantee follow-up<br />
* Establish an insurance follow-up<br />
* Understand perfectly the budget allowed to the project and set up a detailed budget breakdown with cost codes (cf '''''Cost Codes''''' section)<br />
* Create processes for Purchase Orders and a subcontractor follow-up (cf '''''Purchase Requisition Procedure''''' section)<br />
* Create a monthly monitoring framework (cf '''''Topsheet''''' section)<br />
<br />
=== Budget Breakdown and Monthly Reporting ===<br />
The production team responsible for the project is committed to forecasting end-of-work expenses that we can call the Objective. The Objective is an intangible reference which represents the common commitment of the production. Every month, the cost controller will compare the reality of expenditure to this initial forecast and present it on a topsheet. This reporting will make it possible to:<br />
<br />
* Know the results at the stage and at the end of the work,<br />
* Compare achievements with forecasts,<br />
* Appreciate the future trajectory by assessing the obstacles and risks,<br />
* Decide on actions to influence the trajectory in order to achieve / improve the objectives set<br />
<br />
==== Cost Codes ====<br />
Once he possesses the budget breakdown, the cost controller needs to allocate each category of costs with an analytical code that will help him to allocate all the costs in front of the right budget. The breakdown can be more or less precise, depending on the level of cost analysis desired. An example of the breakdown is given on the right:<br />
[[File:Cost codes.png|thumb|Cost code example]]<br />
<br />
<br />
==== Topsheet ====<br />
The topsheet is the main document of the monthly reporting = it synthetizes the results at the stage and at the end of the works and compares it with the budget.<br />
<br />
It gathers all the costs, here is an example of a topsheet for the follow up of a solar project:<br />
[[File:Topsheet.png|center|thumb|532x532px|Topsheet example]]<br />
<br />
==== Purchase Requisition Procedure ====<br />
<br />
===== Overall Process Summary =====<br />
[[File:PR process.png|center|thumb|605x605px]]<br />
<br />
===== Example of a Purchase Requisition Form =====<br />
[[File:PR template.png|center|thumb|471x471px]]<br />
<br />
<br />
Tracking Follow up Example <br />
[[File:PR tracker.png|center|thumb|454x454px]] <br />
<br />
== Risks & Opportunities ==<br />
Some costs or incomes might not be certain (work progress may vary depending on the rain, on the breakdown of a machine...) which would impact the end of work forecast. So, it is important to have a follow up of those risks and opportunities that need to be revised monthly with operational staff in order to avoid bad surprises at some point in time.<br />
<br />
Once all the processes are properly set up, the management controller can get down to his main mission which is data analysis, alerting, optimization of expenses and, if necessary, implementing corrective actions to solve deviations.<br />
<br />
== Performance management ==<br />
The cost controller is responsible for interpreting and evaluating business activity to allow the monitoring of performance. He:<br />
<br />
* Determines areas of optimization and helps operational managers in their decision-making<br />
* Support operational staff in their development projects<br />
* Anticipates drifts, alerts operational staff and recommends corrective actions<br />
* Sets up tools for controlling and monitoring actions and measures the effects<br />
<br />
For example, one of the main sources of expenditure is labor. The cost controller must analyze hirings and departures on a monthly basis. He must check if all of them have been planned and if not why they are necessary. Labor must be related to the pace of work. For this, the manager must work with the operational teams to determine the remaining work to be done and what manpower is needed for this. In this example it is important for the cost controller to visit the site regularly in order to sensitize the teams if staff are underutilized.<br />
<br />
His on-site visits also allow him to check, for example, the rate at which small tools or HQSE equipment is used and whether he needs to review his expenditure budgets.<br />
<br />
Making engineers and site managers aware of the expenses and sensitize them about importance of cost management gives momentum to the project and allows everyone to look in the same direction in order to get the project out in the best possible way.<br />
<br />
=== Monthly cost control review ===<br />
Goals:<br />
<br />
* Analyze figures<br />
* Inform teams<br />
* Learn lessons<br />
<br />
It is a time for dialogue, discussion and exchanges between the production manager and his hierarchy. <br />
<br />
It results in practical decisions, corrective measure if necessary, and actions follow-up.</div>HKhttps://wiki-solar.com/index.php?title=Financial_control&diff=254Financial control2021-05-03T05:49:10Z<p>HK: init</p>
<hr />
<div>The key factors of profitability are managing your income and controlling and forecasting expenses. Therefore, having a good financial control of your project is necessary. It is then recommended to have a cost controller on the project who will monitor de performance of the project and provide the economic and financial indicators to analyze the operational and strategic management of the project. <br />
<br />
== Role of Financial control ==<br />
Among other things, Financial control main missions are to :<br />
<br />
* Monitor project costs and check whether the established objectives have been reached, highlighting any differences with respect to forecasts and identifying, if so, the causes of such deviations, and implementing corrective actions<br />
* Carrie out the reviews of the end-of-site forecasts;<br />
* Performs risk analysis;<br />
* Perform cash analysis and cash forecasts<br />
* Prepare monthly reporting<br />
<br />
== Steps of Financial control ==<br />
In order to produce the best monitoring, the cost controller must first:<br />
<br />
* Read carefully the contract (terms of payment, penalties, bank guarantees, insurances, etc.)<br />
* Understand the milestones and establish a cash-in follow up that will be revised monthly with the operational staff<br />
* Establish a client invoicing follow-up <br />
* Establish a bank guarantee follow-up<br />
* Establish an insurance follow-up<br />
* Understand perfectly the budget allowed to the project and set up a detailed budget breakdown with cost codes (cf '''''Cost Codes''''' section)<br />
* Create processes for Purchase Orders and a subcontractor follow-up (cf '''''Purchase Requisition Procedure''''' section)<br />
* Create a monthly monitoring framework (cf '''''Topsheet''''' section)<br />
<br />
=== '''''Budget Breakdown and Monthly Reporting''''' ===<br />
The production team responsible for the project is committed to forecasting end-of-work expenses that we can call the Objective. The Objective is an intangible reference which represents the common commitment of the production. Every month, the cost controller will compare the reality of expenditure to this initial forecast and present it on a topsheet. This reporting will make it possible to:<br />
<br />
* Know the results at the stage and at the end of the work,<br />
* Compare achievements with forecasts,<br />
* Appreciate the future trajectory by assessing the obstacles and risks,<br />
* Decide on actions to influence the trajectory in order to achieve / improve the objectives set<br />
<br />
==== '''''Cost Codes''''' ====<br />
Once he possesses the budget breakdown, the cost controller needs to allocate each category of costs with an analytical code that will help him to allocate all the costs in front of the right budget. The breakdown can be more or less precise, depending on the level of cost analysis desired. An example of the breakdown is given on the right:<br />
[[File:Cost codes.png|thumb|Cost code example]]<br />
<br />
<br />
==== '''''Topsheet''''' ====<br />
The topsheet is the main document of the monthly reporting = it synthetizes the results at the stage and at the end of the works and compares it with the budget.<br />
<br />
It gathers all the costs, here is an example of a topsheet for the follow up of a solar project:<br />
[[File:Topsheet.png|center|thumb|532x532px|Topsheet example]]<br />
<br />
==== '''''Purchase Requisition Procedure''''' ====<br />
<br />
===== Overall Process Summary =====<br />
[[File:PR process.png|center|thumb|605x605px]]<br />
<br />
===== Example of a Purchase Requisition Form =====<br />
[[File:PR template.png|center|thumb|471x471px]]<br />
<br />
<br />
Tracking Follow up Example <br />
[[File:PR tracker.png|center|thumb|454x454px]] <br />
<br />
== Risks & Opportunities ==<br />
Some costs or incomes might not be certain (work progress may vary depending on the rain, on the breakdown of a machine...) which would impact the end of work forecast. So, it is important to have a follow up of those risks and opportunities that need to be revised monthly with operational staff in order to avoid bad surprises at some point in time.<br />
<br />
Once all the processes are properly set up, the management controller can get down to his main mission which is data analysis, alerting, optimization of expenses and, if necessary, implementing corrective actions to solve deviations.<br />
<br />
== Performance management ==<br />
The cost controller is responsible for interpreting and evaluating business activity to allow the monitoring of performance. He:<br />
<br />
* Determines areas of optimization and helps operational managers in their decision-making<br />
* Support operational staff in their development projects<br />
* Anticipates drifts, alerts operational staff and recommends corrective actions<br />
* Sets up tools for controlling and monitoring actions and measures the effects<br />
<br />
For example, one of the main sources of expenditure is labor. The cost controller must analyze hirings and departures on a monthly basis. He must check if all of them have been planned and if not why they are necessary. Labor must be related to the pace of work. For this, the manager must work with the operational teams to determine the remaining work to be done and what manpower is needed for this. In this example it is important for the cost controller to visit the site regularly in order to sensitize the teams if staff are underutilized.<br />
<br />
His on-site visits also allow him to check, for example, the rate at which small tools or HQSE equipment is used and whether he needs to review his expenditure budgets.<br />
<br />
Making engineers and site managers aware of the expenses and sensitize them about importance of cost management gives momentum to the project and allows everyone to look in the same direction in order to get the project out in the best possible way.<br />
<br />
=== '''''Monthly cost control meeting''''' ===<br />
Goal:<br />
<br />
* Analyze figures<br />
* Inform teams<br />
* Learn lessons<br />
<br />
It is a time for dialogue, discussion and exchanges between the production manager and his hierarchy. <br />
<br />
It results in practical decisions, corrective measure if necessary, and actions follow-up.</div>HKhttps://wiki-solar.com/index.php?title=File:PR_tracker.png&diff=253File:PR tracker.png2021-05-03T05:43:50Z<p>HK: </p>
<hr />
<div>PR tracker</div>HKhttps://wiki-solar.com/index.php?title=File:PR_template.png&diff=252File:PR template.png2021-05-03T05:42:15Z<p>HK: </p>
<hr />
<div>PR template</div>HKhttps://wiki-solar.com/index.php?title=File:PR_process.png&diff=251File:PR process.png2021-05-03T05:41:22Z<p>HK: </p>
<hr />
<div>PR_process</div>HKhttps://wiki-solar.com/index.php?title=File:Topsheet.png&diff=250File:Topsheet.png2021-05-03T05:39:38Z<p>HK: </p>
<hr />
<div>Topsheet example</div>HKhttps://wiki-solar.com/index.php?title=File:Cost_codes.png&diff=249File:Cost codes.png2021-05-03T05:37:25Z<p>HK: </p>
<hr />
<div>Cost codes example</div>HKhttps://wiki-solar.com/index.php?title=Financial_control&diff=248Financial control2021-05-03T04:37:32Z<p>HK: Created page with "Test création"</p>
<hr />
<div>Test création</div>HKhttps://wiki-solar.com/index.php?title=Main_Page&diff=247Main Page2021-05-03T04:36:57Z<p>HK: </p>
<hr />
<div>{{DISPLAYTITLE:<span style="position: absolute; clip: rect(1px 1px 1px 1px); clip: rect(1px, 1px, 1px, 1px);">{{FULLPAGENAME}}</span>}}<br />
=Welcome to WikiSolar !=<br />
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Here, all the concepts of PV systems are explained and illustrated in a pragmatic way as we use them in the all-day life of solar industry projects.<br />
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This website covers or will soon cover, the main components of PV systems, main architectures, engineering guidelines, as well as safety guidelines and best practises during and after installation. <br />
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{{DEFAULTSORT:Home}}</div>HKhttps://wiki-solar.com/index.php?title=Main_Page&diff=246Main Page2021-04-29T20:08:57Z<p>HK: </p>
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<div>{{DISPLAYTITLE:<span style="position: absolute; clip: rect(1px 1px 1px 1px); clip: rect(1px, 1px, 1px, 1px);">{{FULLPAGENAME}}</span>}}<br />
=Welcome to WikiSolar !=<br />
{{#seo:|title=WikiSolar Homepage|keywords=wikisolar, wiki solar,|description=Everything you need to know about Solar Projects and Engineering !}}Everything you need to know about Solar Projects and Engineering ! <br />
<br />
Here, all the concepts of PV systems are explained and illustrated in a pragmatic way as we use them in the all-day life of solar industry projects.<br />
<br />
This website covers or will soon cover, the main components of PV systems, main architectures, engineering guidelines, as well as safety guidelines and best practises during and after installation. <br />
<br />
We provide free drawings and templates in their raw format to help you on your projects.<div style="clear: both;"></div><br />
<!-- Line 1 - General PV --><br />
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<h3>[[File:Solar-panel2.png|frameless|40x40px|link=Special:FilePath/Solar-panel2.png]] <span>[[PV knowledge|PV key knowledge]]</span></h3><br />
<div id="mainpage-admins" title="System administrators" class="items"><br />
*Energy & Electricity key knowledge<br />
*[[Photovoltaic Effect]]<br />
*[[PV cells technologies|Solar Cells technologies]]<br />
*Power, Peak Power & Energy Production<br />
**[[Solar irradiance|Yield, Irradiation, Azimuth, Tilt]]<br />
*[[Efficiency of PV modules]]<br />
**Performance ratio<br />
*Shading effetcs<br />
*C02 related figures<br />
*Fakenews answers<br />
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<h3>[[File:Battery-status-full.png|frameless|40x40px|link=Special:FilePath/Battery-status-full.png]] <span>[[PV components|Components]]</span></h3><br />
<div id="mainpage-admins" title="System administrators" class="items"><br />
*PV modules<br />
*Mounting systems<br />
*PV inverters<br />
*Solar Farm - HV Inverter stations<br />
*Cables : AC - DC - Communication<br />
*Electrical Protection devices<br />
*Connectors<br />
*Monitoring & SCADA<br />
*Power Plant Controller<br />
*ESS : Batteries & Battery inverters<br />
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<h3> [[File:Diagram.png|frameless|40x40px|link=Special:FilePath/Diagram.png]] <span>[[PV_systems|PV systems architectures]]</span></h3><br />
<div id="mainpage-users" title="Users" class="items"><br />
*Distributed Generation vs Solar Power Plant<br />
*Main Energy valorisation models<br />
*Main PV architectures<br />
**Grid connected - Full Feed-in<br />
**Grid connected - Self consumption<br />
**Offgrid & Hybrid<br />
*Solar Power Plant <br />
**DC side architecture<br />
**AC High Voltage architecture<br />
**HV Substation<br />
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<h3>[[File:List.png|alt=|frameless|40x40px]] [[Engineering|Engineering deliverables]]</h3><br />
<div id="mainpage-devs" title="Developers" class="items"><br />
*List of a project engineering deliverables<br />
*Layouts<br />
*Electrical drawings<br />
*Mechanical drawings<br />
*Documents<br />
*Calculation notes<br />
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<h3>[[File:Square-root-of-x-math-formula.png|frameless|40x40px|link=Special:FilePath/Square-root-of-x-math-formula.png]] [[Engineering|Sizing]]</h3><br />
<div id="mainpage-devs" title="Developers" class="items"><br />
*[[Standards|International Standards applicable to Solar Industry]]<br />
*Sizing of PV array and PV inverters<br />
*[[Cable sizing]]<br />
*Sizing of protection devices<br />
*Sizing of Offgrid / Hybrid systems<br />
*Selection and sizing of mounting system<br />
*Civil Engineering for Solar projects<br />
*Safety in Design<br />
*Energy Efficiency <br />
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<h3>[[File:Layout(1).png|alt=|frameless|40x40px]] [[Engineering|Tools & Templates]]</h3><br />
<div id="mainpage-devs" title="Developers" class="items"><br />
*[[Autocad tips|Everything about Autocad]]<br />
*Layout drawings<br />
*Electrical Drawings<br />
*Mechanical drawings<br />
*Energy production estimation tools<br />
*PV & Battery capacity sizing tools<br />
*Cable sizing tools<br />
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<h3> [[File:Wrench.png|frameless|40x40px|link=Special:FilePath/Wrench.png]] <span>[[Installation]]</span></h3><br />
<div id="mainpage-users" title="Users" class="items"><br />
*Risk analysis<br />
*Installation safety<br />
**Working at high<br />
**Working on powered systems<br />
*General good practices<br />
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</div><br />
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<h3>[[File:Quality.png|alt=|frameless|40x40px]] [[Engineering|Quality & Commissioning]]</h3><br />
<div id="mainpage-devs" title="Developers" class="items"><br />
*Quality Management<br />
*Commissioning steps<br />
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</div><br />
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<h3>[[File:Renovation.png|frameless|40x40px|link=Special:FilePath/Renovation.png]] [[Operation & Maintenance]]</h3><span style="display:none"></span><div id="mainpage-devs" title="Developers" class="items"><br />
*Main indicators to follow<br />
*Pr<span style="display:none"></span>eventive maintenance <br />
*Co<span style="display:none"></span>rrective maintenance<br />
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<h3> [[File:Solution.png|alt=|frameless|40x40px]] <span>[[Project_methodology|Project Methodology]]</span></h3><br />
<div id="mainpage-users" title="Users" class="items"><br />
*Project stakeholders<br />
*Project steps<br />
*Project Management<br />
*Budget & Financial control<br />
*Planning<br />
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<h3>[[File:Dollar.png|alt=|frameless|40x40px]] [[Economics]]</h3><br />
<div id="mainpage-devs" title="Developers" class="items"><br />
*Key elements : CAPEX, OPEX, LCOE<br />
*LCOE<br />
*Profitability calculations<br />
*Project Pricing<br />
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</div><br />
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<h3>[[File:Renovation.png|frameless|40x40px|link=Special:FilePath/Renovation.png]] [[TBD|For later use]] </h3><span style="display:none"></span><div id="mainpage-devs" title="Developers" class="items"><br />
*<br />
</div><br />
</div><br />
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<h3> [[File:Wrench.png|frameless|40x40px|link=Special:FilePath/Wrench.png]] <span>[[Installation]]</span></h3><br />
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*Article 1 <br />
*Article 2<br />
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<h3> [[File:Wrench.png|frameless|40x40px|link=Special:FilePath/Wrench.png]] <span>[[Project_methodology|Project Methodology]]</span></h3><br />
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*Project stakeholders<br />
*Project steps<br />
**Survey<br />
**Basic Engineering<br />
*Project Management<br />
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== About the WikiSolar team ==<br />
WikiSolar is a place where you can find everything you need to know to build Solar Projects accross the world.<br />
<br />
This website is done by people working in the Solar and Renewable industry, working from small home systems, microgrid, and up to the biggest Solar Farms. The only goal is to make Solar projects development, design, installation and commissioning, easy and accessible to anyone around the world.<br />
<br />
We are convinced that today and at our small level, the most effective action to counter global warming is to share our knowledge so that the entire solar industry can improve and grow together. We believe that there will be enough opportunities in the world in the years to come that it is not necessary to hide knowledge in order to be more competitive than another company. Improvement of entire solar industry will increase the credibility of the sector which will benefit us all.<br />
<br />
Anyone can edit or create new pages on wikisolar, so if you think you can improve a page or speak about a useful topic, dont hesitate to click on "edit" on the top right. If you want to be part of the discussions of the Wikisolar team, just send a mail using the [[Special:Contact|contact page]]. Nothing to earn except the personal fulfillment of knowing that you are helping someone in the world.<br />
<br />
<div id="misc-news" class="mainpage_row"><br />
<div class="mainpage_box"><br />
<h3><span>Get help and contribute</span></h3><br />
<div id="mainpage-help-contribute&quot;" title="Support and Contributing" class="items"><br />
*[[How to use WikiSolar|How to use WikiSolar (Ad]]<span style="display:none"></span><span style="display:none"></span>[[How to use WikiSolar|d / Modify articles)]]<br />
*[[Special:AllPages|All WikiSolar pages]]<br />
*[[Special:NewPages|L]]<span style="display:none"></span><span style="display:none"></span>[[Special:NewPages|atest new articles]]<br />
*[[Special:Log|A]]<span style="display:none"></span><span style="display:none"></span>[[Special:Log|ll latest modifications]]<span style="display:none"></span><span style="display:none"></span><br />
*[[WikiSolar:About|About the WikiSolar team]]<span style="display:none"></span><span style="display:none"></span><span style="display:none"></span><span style="display:none"></span><br />
</div><br />
</div><br />
<div class="mainpage_box"><br />
<h3><span>News</span></h3><br />
<div id="mainpage-news" title="News" class="items"><br />
<div style="margin: auto; vertical-align:top; text-align:left"><br />
;2020-11-22<br />
:The Solar Univeristy becomes WikiSolar and use the wikipedia template<div class="mainpage_boxcontents_small"><br />
;2020-04-18<br />
:https://solar-university.com is officially launched !<br />
<br />
;2019-12<br />
:A team of solar engineers are joining forces to create "The Solar Univeristy"</div><br />
<br />
</div><br />
</div><br />
</div><br />
<br />
==Would like to contribute ?==<br />
At WikiSolar, we are not looking for money, all the articles are written voluntarily by people all around the world : Australia, Nigeria, France… and the running cost are beared by the site creator. <br />
<br />
All the people from this community believe that sharing the knowledge about Solar Projects is the best way to have leverage the energy transition. The content of this website is tailored in a way that engineers, installers, project developers can learn, ask questions and also contribute to existing and new topics. <br />
<br />
If you can improve some article, just click on edit on the top right corner, no need to be logged in, you can just modify any article. <br />
<br />
If there is any topic you want to see or if you are ready to write or correct a page, you’re more than welcome to join the team ! Just write few words in the discussion tab or use the [[Special:Contact|contact form.]] <br />
<br />
Everything about how to use and work with WikiSolar is explained here : [[How to use WikiSolar]]<br />
<br />
==Copyright==<br />
No Copyright here - Take everything you need !<br />
<br />
Knowledge shared here is based on international standards ; Local and all applicable standards for every region may however not be covered.<br />
<br />
__NOEDITSECTION____NOTOC__<br />
{{DEFAULTSORT:Home}}</div>HKhttps://wiki-solar.com/index.php?title=Economics&diff=237Economics2021-04-28T02:45:40Z<p>HK: Created page with "* Key elements : CAPEX, OPEX, LCOE * LCOE * Profitability calculations * Project Pricing"</p>
<hr />
<div>* Key elements : CAPEX, OPEX, LCOE<br />
* LCOE<br />
* Profitability calculations<br />
* Project Pricing</div>HK